Cache of wikipedia:en:Hungarian Revolution of 1956

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1 OSZK.hu 200
3 Chapter V footnote 8 200
1 Lib.ru 200
5 Chapter II. A (Developments before 22 October 1956), paragraph 47 (p. 18) 200
7 Chapter II. A (Developments before 22 October 1956), paragraphs 49 (p. 18), 379–380 (p. 122) and 382–385 (p. 123) 200
4 Alternate references are "Hungarian Revolt" and "Hungarian Uprising"; "Revolution" is used as it conforms to both English (see U.S. Department of State background on Hungary) and Hungarian ("forradalom") conventions. There is a distinction between the "complete overthrow" of a revolution and an uprising or revolt that may or may not be successful ([[Oxford English Dictionary]]). The 1956 Hungarian event, although shortlived, is a true "revolution" in that the sitting Government was indeed deposed. Unlike "coup d'etat" or "putsch" which imply action of a few, the 1956 revolution was effected by the masses. 200
12 Chapter IX D, para 426 (p. 133) 200
13 Chapter II.N, para 89(xi) (p. 31) 200
6 Library of Congress: Country Studies: Hungary, Chapter 3 Economic Policy and Performance, 1945–85. Retrieved 27 August 2006. 200
9 ''{before= In 1949 the ruling communist parties of the founding states of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance were also linked internationally through the [[Cominform]] |after= | '' Library of Congress Country Studies Appendix B – Germany (East) 200
14 CEU.hu 200
http://www.mefesz.hu/mefesz.php?oldal=emlek&nev=szolcsanyi_janos 200
20 Monograph {{ hu icon | }
publisher=[[University of Pécs]]
last=[http://tortenelemszak.elte.hu/intezet/segtud/kardos.html Kardos, József]
accessdate=2006-10-09
journal=Iskolakultúra
volume=6–7
date=2003
issue=June-July 2003
200
The Library of Congress: Country Studies; CIA World Factbook]. Retrieved 2006-10-13. By 1949, the Soviets had concluded a [[Comecon|year=1953|year=1999|year=2005}'' Diplomacy in a Whirlpool: Hungary between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia, [http://www.hungarian-history.hu/lib/dipl/dipl08.htm Chapter VIII (Hungary, a Republic), p.139-52] 200
21 Hungary: a country study (2nd Edition)
publisher=Federal Research Division, Library of Congress
year=1990
last=Burant (Ed.)
first=Stephen R.
200
24 Memorandum of the Hungarian National Bank on Reparations, Appendix Document 16 200
26 Chapter IX (Soviet Russia and Hungary's Economy), p. 158 200
25 History 200
28 Transformation of the Hungarian economy The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution (2003). Retrieved 2006-08-27. 200
23 The Avalon Project at Yale Law School: Armistice Agreement with Hungary; 20 January 1945. Retrieved 2006-08-27. 200 Changes sub-domain and redirect does not contain ".,?&"
32 Chapter II. A (Developments before 22 October 1956), paragraph 48 (p. 18) 200
29 Stalin and Rákosi, Stalin and Hungary, 1949–1953
accessdate=2009-10-23
date=Paper presented on 4 October 1997 at the workshop “European Archival Evidence. Stalin and the Cold War in Europe", Budapest, 1956 Institute
author=János M. Rainer
503 SERVER: Servlet Error   Servlet Error An unexpected servlet error was encountered. Please check the log file for more details.
34 CEU.hu 200
35 Chapter VIII The Question Of The Presence And The Utilization Of The Soviet Armed Forces In The Light Of Hungary’s International Commitments, Section D. The demand for withdrawal of Soviet armed forces, para 339 (p. 105) 200
33 The Warsaw Pact, 1955; Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance
publisher=Fordham University
last=Halsall
accessdate=2006-10-08
work=[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/modsbook.html Internet Modern History Sourcebook]
month=November
year=1998
first=Paul (Editor)
200
38 Chapter IX. B (The background of the uprising), para 384 (p. 123) 200
36 Notes from the Minutes of the CPSU CC Presidium Meeting with Satellite Leaders, 24 October 1956
accessdate=2006-09-02
date=2002-11-04
work=The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents
publisher=George Washington University: The National Security Archive
200
39 International Releatons and the 1956 Hungarian Revolution: a Cold War Case Study
accessdate=2006-10-14
publisher=CLIOHRES
year=2006
last=Andreas
first=Gémes
200
40 Internet Modern History Sourcebook: Resolution by students of the Building Industry Technological University: Sixteen Political, Economic, and Ideological Points, Budapest, 22 October 1956. Retrieved 2006-10-22. 200
41 United Nations Report of the Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary. Page 145, para 441. Retrieved 2007-04-11. 200
42 [1] 200
31 On the Personality Cult and its Consequences
accessdate=2006-08-27
date=24 February–25, 1956
last=Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev, First Secretary, Communist Party of the Soviet Union
publisher=Special report at the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
404
45 Chapter II. A (Meetings and demonstrations), para 54 (p. 19) 200
46 Chapter II. C (The First Shots), para 55 (p. 20) & para 464 (p. 149) 200
43 Hungarian Revolt, 23 October–4 November 1956 (Richard Lettis and William I. Morris, editors): Appendices Proclamation of the Hungarian Writers' Union (23 October 1956). Retrieved 2006-09-8. 200
44 No More Comrades
publisher=Henry Regnery Company
year=1957
last=Heller
first=Andor
200
48 Chapter II. C (The First Shots), para 56 (p. 20) 200
49 Chapter II. C (The First Shots), paragraphs 56–57 (p. 20) 200
51 Chapter II.C, para 58 (p. 20) 200
52 Chapter IV.C, para 225 (p. 71) 200
53 Chapter II.C, para 57 (p. 20) 200
54 Chapter II.N, para 89(ix) (p. 31) 200
55 Chapter IV. B (Resistance of the Hungarian people) para 166 (p. 52) and XI. H (Further developments) para 480 (p 152) 200
56 Chapter X.I, para 482 (p. 153) 200
58 Chapter II.F, para 64 (p. 22) 200
59 Chapter II.F, para 65 (p. 22) 200
47 A Hollow Tolerance
accessdate=2006-10-23
date=23 July 1965
publisher=[[Time Magazine]]
301 Changes domain
60 Chapter XII.B, para 565 (p. 174) 200
62 Chapter IV.C, para 167 (p. 53) 200
64 Chapter II. F (Political Developments) II. G (Mr. Nagy clarifies his position), paragraphs 67–70 (p. 23) 200
65 Revolt in Hungary
publisher=CBS
work=Fonds 306, Audiovisual Materials Relating to the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, OSA Archivum, Budapest, Hungary
year=1956
author=Narrator: [[Walter Cronkite]], producer
200
68 Chapter II. F (Political developments), paragraph 66 (p. 22) 200
70 Chapter XII. D (Reassertion of Political Rights), paragraph 583 (p. 179) and footnote 26 (p. 183) 200
37 1956 - A European Date
accessdate=2009-10-06
date=June, 2006
publisher=www.culture.pl
last=Machcewicz
first=Paweł
200 97.4% signal, 228 words, score: 216
71 [2] 200
72 Chapter II. F (A Brief History of the Hungarian Uprising), paragraph 66 (p. 22) and footnote 26 (p. 183) 200
http://files.osa.ceu.hu/holdings/selection/rip/4/av/1956-01.html 200
74 Chapter XI (Revolutionary and Workers' Councils), paragraph 485–560 (pp. 154–170) 200
75 Chapter II. E (Revolutionary and Workers' Councils), paragraph 63 (p. 22) 200
76 Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on October 30, 1956
accessdate=2006-10-20
date=30 October 1956
work=Cold War International History Project
publisher=Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
-1
77 "When the Soviet Union nearly blinked", ''BBC News '', 2006-10-23 200
78 Declaration of the Government of the USSR on the Principles of Development and Further Strengthening of Friendship and Cooperation between the Soviet Union and other Socialist States 30 October 1956, Printed in The Department of State Bulletin, XXXV, No. 907 (12 November 1956), pp. 745–747. Retrieved 2006-10-19. 200
80 The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution: Part 3. Days of Freedom 200
79 Mark Kramer, "New Evidence on Soviet Decision-making and the 1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises" (PDF), Cold War International History Project Bulletin, page 368. 200
82 Narratives of 1956
last=Parsons
accessdate=2008-04-27
journal=The Hungarian Quarterly
volume=XLVIII
issue=Summer 2007
first=Nicholas T
200
84 Lesson 3: The Days of Freedom
accessdate=2009-10-06
publisher=The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution
work=The History of the Hungarian revolution of 1956
last=Szakolczai
first=Attila
200
85 Working Notes and Attached Extract from the Minutes of the CPSU CC Presidium Meeting, October 31, 1956
accessdate=2006-07-08
date=2002-11-04
work=The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents
publisher=George Washington University: The National Security Archive
200
87 Mark Kramer, "New Evidence on Soviet Decision-making and the 1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises" (PDF), Cold War International History Project Bulletin, page 369. 200
91 Decision in the Kremlin, 1956 — the Malin Notes
publisher=The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution
last=Rainer
accessdate=2009-10-23
work=Paper presented at Rutgers University
date=1996-11-01
first=János M.
200
94 Hannah Arendt, Totalitarianism and the Revolutions in Central Europe: 1956, 1968, 1989
accessdate=2006-10-27
date=[[2006-10-25]]
journal=Eurozine
last=Auer
first=Stefan
200
100 Overview
accessdate=2006-09-04
publisher=George Washington University: The National Security Archive
work=The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents
year=1999
200
102 Chapter II. J (Mr. Kádár forms a government), para 77–78 (p. 26–27) 200
90 Johanna Granville, "New Insights on the 1956 Crisis", 2000-01 302 Changes path
108 Slobodan Stankovic, "Yugoslav Diplomat who Defied Soviet Leaders Dies", Radio Free Europe Research, 1982-08-05. 200
107 Mark Kramer, "New Evidence on Soviet Decision-making and the 1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises" (PDF), Cold War International History Project Bulletin, pages 373–374. 200
109 The Hungarian Question on the UN Agenda: Secret Negotiations by the Western Great Powers 26 October–4 November 1956. (British Foreign Office Documents)
accessdate=2008-12-07
date=''Hungarian Quarterly '' (Spring 2000)
author=Csaba Békés
200 100.0% signal, 19 words, score: 19
The file is extremely small (131 bytes).
111 Study Prepared for US Army Intelligence "Hungary, Resistance Activities and Potentials" (January 1956)
accessdate=2006-09-03
date=2002-11-04
work=The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents
publisher=George Washington University: The National Security Archive
200
110 Hungarian Revolt, 23 October–4 November 1956 (Richard Lettis and William I. Morris, editors): Appendices The Hungary Question in the United Nations. Retrieved 2006-09-3. 200
112 Minutes of the 290th NSC Meeting (12 July 1956)
accessdate=2006-09-03
date=2002-11-04
work=The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents
publisher=George Washington University: The National Security Archive
200
114 CNN: Géza Jeszenszky, Hungarian Ambassador, Cold War Chat (transcript). Retrieved 1998-11-8. -6
116 Chapter VIII.D, para 336 (p. 103) 200
115 Policy Review of Voice For Free Hungary Programming from 23 October to 23 November 1956 (15 December 1956)
accessdate=2006-09-02
date=4 November 2002
work=The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents
publisher=George Washington University: The National Security Archive
200
120 Chapter II.I, para 75 (p. 25) 200
119 Minutes of the Nagy Government's Fourth Cabinet Meeting, 1 November 1956
accessdate=2006-09-02
date=4 November 2002
work=The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents
publisher=George Washington University: The National Security Archive
200
113 Containment, Rollback, Liberation or Inaction? The United States and Hungary in the 1950s
last=Borhi
accessdate=2009-06-29
journal=Journal of Cold War Studies
volume=1
year=1999
issue=3
first=László
200
121 Chapter II.I, para 76 (p. 26) 200
122 Chapter IV. E (Logistical deployment of new Soviet troops), para 181 (p. 56) 200
126 Chapter V.C, para 196 (pp. 60–61) 200
128 Chapter V. B (The Second Soviet Military Intervention), para 188 (p. 58) 200
129 Chapter VII. D (The Political Background of the Second Soviet Intervention), para 291 (p. 89) 200
125 Hungarian Tragedy
publisher=D. Dobson
year=1957
last=Fryer
first=Peter
200
130 Chapter VII. D (a silent carrier wave was detected until 9:45 am), para 292 (p. 89) 200
132 Válogatott tanulmányok
accessdate=2009-10-30
quote=in Hungarian: Magyarok! Nagy Imre miniszterelnök a ma hajnali szovjet támadáskor a szovjet követségre ment a tárgyalások folytatására, és onnan visszatérni már nem tudott. A reggel összehívott minisztertanácson a Parlament épületében tartózkodó Tildy Zoltánon kívül már csak B. Szabó István és Bibó István államminiszter tudott megérkezni. Mikor a Parlamentet a szovjet csapatok körülfogták, Tildy államminiszter a vérontás elkerülése végett megállapodást kötött velük, mely szerint ők megszállják az épületet, a benne levő polgári személyek pedig szabadon távozhatnak. Ő, a megállapodáshoz tartva magát, eltávozott. Az országgyűlés épületében egyedül alulírott Bibó István államminiszter maradtam, mint az egyedüli törvényes magyar kormány egyedüli képviselője. Ebben a helyzetben a következőket nyilatkozom: In English: To My Fellow Hungarians! When the Soviet Army attacked today at dawn, Prime Minister Nagy Imre went to the Soviet Embassy to negotiate and could not return. Tildy Zoltán, who was already in the Parliament building, and ministers Szabó István and Bibó István attended the council of ministers meeting which was convened this morning. As Soviet troops surrounded the Parliament building, minister Tildy Zoltán - to avoid bloodshed - reached an agreement, by which Soviet soldiers would occupy the Parliament building and allow all civilians to evacuate. According to this agreement, he then departed. Only the undersigned, Bibó István, remained in the Parliament building as the only representative of the only existing legal Hungarian government. Under these circumstances, I make the following declaration: ([http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/For_Freedom_and_Truth Available in English])
volume=4, 1935–1979
200
133 Chapter VII.E, para 296 (p. 90) 200
134 Chapter VIII.B, para 596 (p. 185) 200
61 Cold War International History Project (CWIHP), KGB Chief Serov's report, 29 October 1956, (by permission of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars) Retrieved 2006-10-08 200
135 Chapter VIII. B (The Political Background of the Second Soviet Intervention), para 600 (p. 186) 200
92 Cold War International History Project: Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 1 November 1956 [3]. Retrieved 2008-12-6. 200
136 Chapter V.C, para 197 (p. 61) 200
137 Chapter V.C, para 198 (p. 61) 200
138 Chapter V. B (The Second Soviet Military Intervention), para 200 (p. 62) 200
144 George Washington University: The National Security Archive, Communiqué on the Meeting of Representatives of the Governments and the Communist and Workers’ Parties of Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and the Soviet Union (Budapest, January 6, 1957), Retrieved: 2008-12-7 200
142 Retrieved 2007-10-8 Hungarian-history.hu 404
period (.) at end of URL
http://www.gwu.edu/%7Ensarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB76/doc12.pdf 200
147 Report by Soviet Deputy Interior Minister M. N. Holodkov to Interior Minister N. P. Dudorov (15 November 1956)
accessdate=2006-09-02
date=2002-11-04
work=The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents
publisher=George Washington University: The National Security Archive
200
150 The '56 Exodus to Austria
publisher=Society of the Hungarian Quarterly
last=Cseresnyés
accessdate=2006-10-09
journal=The Hungarian Quarterly
volume=XL
date=Summer 1999
issue=154
first=Ferenc
200
118 Andropov Report, 1 November 1956
accessdate=2006-09-04
publisher=Cold War International History Project (CWIHP), www.CWIHP.org, by permission of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
200
149 The handing down of experiences in families of the politically condemned in Communist Hungary
accessdate=2008-10-10
publisher=
year=1996
last=Molnár
first=Adrienne
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154 Chapter XIV.I.A, para 642 (p. 198), János Kádár's 15 points (4 November 1956) 200
153 Situation Report to the Central Committee of the Communist Party by Malenkov-Suslov-Aristov (22 November 1956)
accessdate=2006-09-02
date=4 November 2002
work=The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, A History in Documents
publisher=George Washington University: The National Security Archive
200
155 Annex A (Agreement between the Hungarian People Republic and the government of the USSR on the legal status of Soviet forces) pp. 112–113) 200
101 Cold War International History Project (CWIHP), Working Notes from the Session of the CPSU CC Presidium on 3 November, 1956, with Participation by J. Kádár, F. Münnich, and I. Horváth, (by permission of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars) Retrieved 2006-10-8 200
158 "On This Day 16 June 1989: Hungary reburies fallen hero Imre Nagy" British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) reports on Nagy reburial with full honors. . Retrieved 13 October 2006. 200
117 Imre Nagy’s Telegram to Diplomatic Missions in Budapest Declaring Hungary’s Neutrality (1 November 1956) by permission of the Center for Security Studies at ETH Zürich and the National Security Archive at the George Washington University on behalf of the PHP network 200
162 Simpson's Contemporary Quotations
publisher=Collins
year=1997
last=Simpson
archivedate=2007-10-12
first=James
0
164 Chapter I. D (Organization and Function of the Committee), paragraphs 1–26 (pp. 10–13) 200
159 End of a Private Cold War
accessdate=2006-09-03
date=[[1971-10-11]]
publisher=Time Magazine
200 32.0% signal, 75 words, score: 7
156 International Committee of the Red Cross: ICRC action in Hungary in 1956. Retrieved 7 December 2008. 200
165 Chapter I. E (Attempts to observe in Hungary and meet Imre Nagy), paragraphs 32–34 (p. 14) 200
161 How to Help Hungary
accessdate=2006-09-03
date=[[1956-12-24]]
publisher=Time Magazine
200 32.0% signal, 75 words, score: 7
163 Report of the Secretary-General Document A/3485
accessdate=2006-10-13
date=1957-01-05
publisher=United Nations
author=United Nations Secretary-General
200
166 UN General Assembly (1957) ''Special Committee on the Problem of Hungary ''. Retrieved 2006-10-14. 200
167 Chapter II. N (Summary of conclusions), paragraph 89 (pp. 30–32) 200
168 United Nations General Assembly, Thirteenth Session: Resolution 1312 (XIII) The Situation in Hungary (Item 59, p. 69 (1958-12-12) 200
95 Cold War International History Project (CWIHP), Report from A. Grechko and Tarasov in Berlin to N.A. Bulganin, (by permission of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars) Retrieved 2006-10-10 200
169 Man Of The Year, The Land and the People
accessdate=2006-10-09
date=[[1957-01-07]]
publisher=Time magazine
200 31.1% signal, 74 words, score: 7
170 Freedom Fighter
date=[[1957-01-07]]
200 100.0% signal, 17 words, score: 17
173 International Olympic Committee: Melbourne/Stockholm 1956 Did you know?. Retrieved 2006-10-13. 200
175 Szabadság, szerelem (Children of Glory) (film) 2006. -2
171 Formal Address of Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány in the Hungarian Parliament (23 October 2006). Retrieved 2008-09-21. 200
180 Hungary a Model for Iraq, Bush Says in Budapest
accessdate=2006-10-14
date=2006-06-22
publisher=International Information Programs
-2
174 Radio Free Europe: Hungary: New Film Revisits 1956 Water-Polo Showdown. Retrieved 2006-10-13. 301 Changes path
176 The following are references in English on the conflicting positions of [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,808752,00.html ''l'Unità''], [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,808824,00.html Antonio Giolitti and party boss Palmiro Togliatti], [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,868066,00.html Giuseppe Di Vittorio] and Pietro Nenni. 500
178 L’intellectuel et les communistes français {{ fr icon | } 301 Changes domain and redirect perserves id number
179 US State Department Commemorates the 1956 Hungarian Revolution
accessdate=2006-10-08
date=2006-02-13
publisher=American Hungarian Federation
200
Diplomacy in a Whirlpool: Hungary between Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia 200
(268 pages) 200
In the Line of Fire: New Archival Evidence on the Soviet Intervention in Hungary, 1956 200
"The Hungarian Revolution-Uprising, Budapest 1956" 200
Institute of Revolutionary History, Hungary 200 The file is extremely small (102 bytes).
''Universal Pictures and Warner Pathé newsreels regarding the revolution 0
"On this day 4 November 1956: Soviet troops overrun Hungary" 200
181 National Symbols
accessdate=2009-10-26
date=2005-04-13
work=Hungary.hu
publisher=Prime Minister's Office (Magyarország.hu)
200
Freedom's Fury 301 Changes path
The 1956 Portal 200
Torn from the flag 200 86.2% signal, 29 words, score: 21
Hungary '56 200
Freedom Fighter 56 200
1956 Hungarian Revolution Collection 200
172 Statement with the Hungarian Prime Minister (11 October 2006) Retrieved: 2008-09-22 200 54.8% signal, 73 words, score: 21
1956 Hungarian Memorial Oral History Project 200
OSA Digital Archive 301 Changes domain
151 The 1956 Hungarian revolution: a history in documents
accessdate=2009-10-31
publisher=Central European University Press
year=2002
quote=I call upon the Hungarian people to regard neither the occupation force nor the puppet government it may install as a legal authority but rather to employ every means of passive resistance against it... (István Bibó minister of state of the Petőfi Party) Despite the devastation of the Soviet attack, most of Hungarian society seemed to respond to Bibó's plea and continued to defy the new regime, keeping Soviet and Hungarian security forces tied up for months dealing with strikes, demonstrations, sabotage, work slowdowns, and other acts of resistance (Document No. 102)
200
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