Dab solver - United Parcel Service

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{{redirect|the postal service|USPS}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2011}}
{{Infobox company
| company_name = United Parcel Service, Inc.
| company_logo = [[File:United Parcel Service logo.svg|center|135px]]
| caption = Logo used since 2003
| company_type = Public company
| traded_as = {{nyse}}<br />[[S&P 500|S&P 500 Component]]
| foundation = [[Seattle]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|]] (1907)
| location = {{nowrap|[[Sandy Springs, Georgia|]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|]], [[United States|U.S.]]}}16 lines hidden (995 characters)
United Parcel Service, Inc., typically referred to as UPS, is an American global [[package delivery]] company headquartered in [[Sandy Springs, Georgia]], United States. It delivers more than 15 million packages a day to 6.1&nbsp;million customers in more than 220 countries and territories around the world.^ref^ref^ref

UPS is well known for its brown trucks, internally known as package cars (hence the company nickname "Brown"). UPS also operates its [[UPS Airlines|own airline]] {{Airline codes|5X}} based in [[Louisville, Kentucky]].

== History ==

[[File:Venezia0750UPS.jpg|thumb|right|UPS boat on [[Canal Grande]], [[Venice]], [[Italy]]]]
[[File:'69 Checker Marathon UPS Canada (Toronto Spring '12 Classic Car Auction).JPG|thumb|right|1969 [[Checker Marathon]] from UPS Canada]]

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{{redirect<<link:0>>|the postal service|USPS}}
{{other uses<<link:1>>}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2011}}
{{Infobox company
| company_name = United Parcel Service, Inc.
| company_logo = [[File:United Parcel Service logo.svg|center|135px]]
| caption = Logo used since 2003
| company_type = Public company
| traded_as = {{nyse<<link:2>>}} [[S&P 500|S&P 500 Component]]
| foundation = [[Seattle]], [[Washington (U.S. state)|Washington]] (1907)
| location = {{nowrap|[[Sandy Springs, Georgia|Sandy Springs]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[United States|U.S.]]}}
| founder = [[James E. Casey]]
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[Scott Davis (businessman)|Scott Davis]] (Chairman & CEO)
| industry = [[Courier]]
| products = [[Courier|Courier express services]] [[Freight|Freight forwarding services]] [[logistics|Logistics services]]
| revenue = {{nowrap|{{increase}} [[United States|US$]] 53.105&nbsp;billion (2013)<ref name=10K>{{cite web|url=http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1090727/000119312511049356/d10k.htm|title=2010 Form 10-K, United Parcel Service, Inc.|publisher=United States Securities and Exchange Commission}}</ref>}}
| operating_income = {{increase}} US$ 5.874&nbsp;billion (2013)<ref name=10K/>
| net_income = {{increase}} US$ 3.804&nbsp;billion (2013)<ref name=10K/>
| assets = {{increase}} US$ 34.701&nbsp;billion (2013)<ref name=10K/>
| equity = {{increase}} US$ 7.108&nbsp;billion (2013)<ref name=10K/>
| num_employees = 398,300 (December 2011)<ref name=10K/>
| subsid = [[The UPS Store]] UPS Supply Chain Solutions [[UPS Capital]] [[UPS Airlines]] UPS Express Critical [[UPS Freight]] UPS Logistics UPS Mail Innovations UPS Professional Solutions
| homepage = [http://www.ups.com/ UPS.com]
}}

'''United Parcel Service, Inc.''', typically referred to as '''UPS''', is an American global [[package delivery]] company headquartered in [[Sandy Springs, Georgia]], United States. It delivers more than 15 million packages a day to 6.1&nbsp;million customers in more than 220 countries and territories around the world.<ref>"[http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/contact/index.html?WT.svl=Footer Contact UPS: United States]." ''United Parcel Service''. Retrieved on May 19, 2009.</ref><ref name="Sandymap">"[http://files.sandysprings-ga.org/maps/SandySprings_CouncilDistricts.pdf City Council Districts]." City of Sandy Springs. Retrieved on July 4, 2009.</ref><ref name="UPS Fact Sheet">{{cite web|url=http://www.pressroom.ups.com/mediakits/factsheet/0,2305,866,00.html |title=UPS Fact Sheet |accessdate=August 19, 2007}}</ref>

UPS is well known for its brown trucks, internally known as package cars (hence the company nickname ''"Brown"''). UPS also operates its [[UPS Airlines|own airline]] {{Airline codes|5X<<link:3>><<link:4>>}} based in [[Louisville, Kentucky]].

On August 28, 1907, [[James E. Casey|James Casey]] founded the '''American Messenger Company''' in [[Seattle, Washington]], capitalized with $100 in debt. In 1913, the first delivery car appeared, a [[Model T Ford]]. Casey and Ryan merge with a competitor, Evert McCabe, and form '''Merchants Parcel Delivery'''. Consolidated delivery is also introduced, combining packages addressed to a certain neighborhood onto one delivery vehicle. In 1919, service began in [[Oakland, California]]. The name United Parcel Service was adopted. The first official logo was released.

In 1930, a consolidated service began in New York City, and soon after in other major cities in the [[Eastern United States|East]] and the [[Midwest]]. The name United Parcel Service is adopted all over the country. All UPS vehicles are then painted the familiar Pullman brown, chosen because it was considered neat, dignified, and professional. In 1937, The UPS logo is revised for the first time; it then included the tagline "The Delivery System for Stores of Quality". In 1940–1959, Services are expanded by acquiring "[[common carrier]]" rights to deliver packages between all addresses, any customer, private and commercial.

In 1961, Renowned graphic designer [[Paul Rand]] created the iconic third logo for UPS. The shield represented stability and integrity, and the bow on the box represented the package service. In 1975, UPS moved its headquarters to Greenwich, Connecticut. UPS began servicing all of the 48 [[Continental United States|contiguous states]] of the USA. UPS also established Canadian operations in 1975. On Feb. 28, UPS Ltd. (later changed to UPS Canada Ltd.) began operations in Toronto, [[Ontario]]. UPS Canada's head office is located in [[Burlington, Ontario]]. In 1976, UPS established itself in Europe with a domestic operation in West Germany. In 1982, UPS Next-Day Air Service is offered in the US and Blue Label Air became UPS 2nd Day Air Service.

In 1988, UPS Airlines was launched. In 1991, UPS moves its headquarters again—to suburban Atlanta, Georgia. In 1992, UPS acquired both Haulfast and Carryfast and rebranded to UPS Supply Chain Solutions. Haulfast provided the pallet haulage and trucking network for the CarryFast group of companies. In 1995, UPS acquired SonicAir to offer service parts logistics and compete with [[Choice Logistics]]. In 1997, a Teamsters strike shut down UPS. In 1998, UPS Capital was established. In 1999, UPS acquired Challenge Air.

On November 10, 1999, UPS became a public company. In 2001, UPS acquired [[Mail Boxes Etc.|Mail Boxes Etc., Inc.]]. In 2003, the two companies introduced The UPS Store brand, and approximately 3,000 Mail Boxes Etc. locations re-brand. On March 2003, UPS unveiled a new logo, replacing the iconic package and shield originally designed in 1961 by [[Paul Rand]]. In 2004, UPS entered the [[freight|heavy freight]] business with the December 20 announcement of the purchase of [[Menlo Worldwide|Menlo Worldwide Forwarding]], a former subsidiary of [[Menlo Worldwide]]. UPS rebranded it as UPS Supply Chain Solutions. The purchase price is US$150&nbsp;million and the assumption of US$110&nbsp;million in long-term debt. On August 5, 2005, UPS announced that it has completed its acquisition of less-than-truckload (LTL) trucking company Overnite Transportation for US$1.25&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pressroom.ups.com/pressreleases/archives/archive/0,1363,4589,00.html |title=UPS Completes Acquisition of Overnite |accessdate=August 17, 2007 |work=UPS Press Release |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070928010504/http://pressroom.ups.com/pressreleases/archives/archive/0,1363,4589,00.html  |archivedate = September 28, 2007}}</ref> This was approved by the [[Federal Trade Commission|FTC]] and Overnite shareholders on August 4, 2005. On April 28, 2006, Overnite officially became [[UPS Freight]]. On October 3, 2005, UPS completed the purchase of [[LYNX Express|LYNX Express Ltd]], one of the largest independent parcel carriers in the United Kingdom, for [[Pound sterling|£]]55.5&nbsp;million (US$97.1&nbsp;million) after receiving approval for the transaction from the [[European Commission]]. The first joint package car center operation, in [[Dartford]], Kent, is opened in 2006.

On August 28, 2007, United Parcel Service celebrated its 100th anniversary. In June 2009, United Parcel Service lobbied to have language added to the [[Federal Aviation Administration]] Reauthorization Act. [[FedEx]] ran a negative ad campaign called [[Brown Bailout]]. On March 19, 2012, UPS announced that it intended to acquire [[TNT Express]] for $6.8 billion, in a move to help expand its presence in European and Asian markets.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-03-18/ups-said-to-reach-deal-to-buy-tnt-express |title=UPS to Purchase TNT Express for $6.8 Billion |publisher=Businessweek |date=2012-03-19 |accessdate=2012-06-21}}</ref>

==Company structure==
UPS's primary business is the time-definite delivery of packages and documents worldwide. In recent years, UPS has extended its service portfolio to include [[less than truckload]] transportation (primarily in the U.S.) and [[supply chain]] services.
UPS reports its operations in three segments: U.S. Domestic Package operations, International Package operations, and Supply Chain & Freight operations.

===U.S. Domestic Package===
U.S. Domestic Package operations include the time-definite delivery of letters, documents, and packages throughout the United States.

===International Package===
[[File:Natbagg012.jpg|alt=|thumb|UPS has service worldwide, including Israel’s [[Ben Gurion International Airport]]]]
International Package operations include delivery to more than 220 countries and territories worldwide,<ref name="UPS Fact Sheet" /> including shipments wholly outside the United States, as well as shipments with either origin or distribution outside the United States.

===Supply Chain & Freight===
Supply Chain & Freight (UPS-SCS for UPS Supply Chain Solutions) includes UPS' [[Freight forwarder|forwarding]] and [[contract logistics]] operations,
[[UPS Freight]], and other related business units. UPS' forwarding and logistics business provides services in more than 175 countries and territories worldwide, and includes worldwide supply chain design, execution and management, freight forwarding and distribution, customs brokerage, mail and consulting services. UPS Freight offers a variety of less than truckload (“LTL”) and truckload (“TL”) services to customers in North America.

Other business units within this segment include [[The UPS Store]] and UPS Capital.<ref>The former name for The UPS Store was [[Mail Boxes Etc.]], which continues to operate outside the United States and Canada. The UPS Store, Inc. is the franchisor for The UPS Store in the U.S. and Canada. {{cite web |url=http://www.bluemaumau.org/7292/ups_sells_off_mbe_brand_outside_us_canada_and_india |title=UPS Sells Off MBE Brand outside US, Canada and India |accessdate=November 10, 2010}}</ref>

==Competitors==
Major domestic (United States) competitors include [[United States Postal Service]] (USPS) and [[FedEx]], as well as, Regional US Carriers like OnTrac, Eastern Connection, and Lone Star Overnight. In addition to these domestic carriers, UPS competes with a variety of international operators, including [[Canada Post]], [[Purolator Courier|Purolator]], [[DHL Express]], [[Deutsche Post]] (and its subsidiary [[DHL Express|DHL]]), [[Royal Mail]], [[Japan Post]], [[India Post]] and many other regional carriers, national postal services and air cargo handlers (see [[Package delivery]] and Mail pages).

Historically, the bulk of UPS' competition came from inexpensive ground-based delivery services, such as [[Parcel post|Parcel Post]] (USPS) or [[Choice Logistics]]. But in 1998 FedEx expanded into the ground parcel delivery market by [[Mergers and acquisitions|acquiring]] [[Roadway Package System|RPS]] (originally Roadway Package System) and rebranding it as [[FedEx Ground]] in 2000. In 2003 DHL expanded its US operations by acquiring [[Airborne Express]], significantly increasing its presence in the United States, and adding more competition in the ground delivery market. In response to this, UPS partnered with the US Postal Service to offer UPS Mail Innovations,<ref>[http://www.upsmailinnovations.com/ UPSmailinnovations.com]. UPSmailinnovations.com. Retrieved on July 12, 2011.</ref> a program that allows UPS to pick up mail and transfer it to a USPS center, or destination delivery unit (DDU),<ref>[http://pe.usps.gov/Archive/HTML/DMMArchive1209/E250.htm PE.usps.gov]. PE.usps.gov. Retrieved on July 12, 2011.</ref> for final distribution. This process is also known as zone skipping,<ref>[http://multichannelmerchant.com/opsandfulfillment/advisor/zone_skipping/ Multichannelmerchant.com]. Multichannelmerchant.com (January 18, 2006). Retrieved on July 12, 2011.</ref> long used by Parcel Consolidators.<ref>[https://www.usps.com/business/shipping-consolidators.htm]. USPS.com. Retrieved on January 2, 2013.</ref> This section of operations is branded as "SurePost" within UPS.<ref>[http://www.logisticsmgmt.com/article/ups_rolls_out_new_economy_ground_service_for_delivery_to_residential_locati/]</ref>

More recently, the continued growth of [[online shopping]], combined with increasing awareness of the role transportation (including package delivery) has on the [[Natural environment|environment]], has contributed to the rise of emerging competition from niche carriers or rebranded incumbents. For instance, the [[US Postal Service]] claims "greener delivery" of parcels on the assumption that USPS letter carriers deliver to each US address, six days a week anyway, and therefore offer the industry's lowest fuel consumption per delivery. Other carriers, like ParcelPool.com,<ref>[http://www.parcelpool.com/ Parcelpool.com]. Parcelpool.com. Retrieved on July 12, 2011.</ref> which specializes in residential package delivery to APO-FPO addresses, Hawaii, Alaska, Puerto Rico and other US Territories, arose in response to increased demand from catalog retailers and online e-tailers for low-cost residential delivery services closely matching service standards normally associated with more expensive expedited parcel delivery.

==Characteristic features==
===Brand mark===
<gallery>
File:United Parcel Service logo (1919–1937).gif|United Parcel Service logo (1919–1937)
File:United Parcel Service logo (1937–1961).gif|United Parcel Service logo (1937–1961)
Image:United Parcel Service logo (1961–2003).png|United Parcel Service logo (1961–2003) designed by [[Paul Rand]]
Image:United Parcel Service logo.svg|United Parcel Service logo (2003–present)
</gallery>
On March 25, 2003, UPS unveiled a new logo, the fourth the company has used, replacing the iconic package and shield originally designed in 1961 by Paul Rand. The original logo first saw use in 1919 when the company was ''American Messenger Company''. In 1937, the logo was redesigned to reflect the company's new name ''United Parcel Service''.<ref name=Pressroom>{{cite web|url=http://www.pressroom.ups.com/Fact+Sheets/The+UPS+Logo+-+A+Brief+History |title=The UPS Logo – A Brief History |accessdate=February 15, 2010 |work=UPS Pressroom}}</ref> All four designs for the logo shared the shield theme, and UPS employees often refer to the brand mark as "the shield."

===Brown===
The brown color that UPS uses on its vehicles and uniforms is called ''[[Pullman Company|Pullman]] Brown''. The color is also mentioned in its former advertising slogan: ''"What can Brown do for you?"''<ref>[http://www.pressroom.ups.com/pressreleases/archives/archive/0,1363,3917,00.html]{{dead link|date=December 2010}}</ref> Originally founder James E. Casey wanted the trucks to be yellow, but one of his partners, Charlie Soderstrom stated they would be impossible to keep clean, and that [[Pullman (car or coach)|Pullman railroad cars]] were brown for just that reason.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Paul Lukas Reporting by Maggie Overfelt |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fsb/fsb_archive/2003/04/01/341024/index.htm |publisher=CNN | title=UPS United Parcel Service James Casey transformed a tiny messenger service into the world's largest shipper by getting all wrapped up in the details of package delivery | date=April 1, 2003 |accessdate=December 18, 2010}}</ref>

===Font===
UPS commissioned brand consultancy FutureBrand to develop its own font, ''UPS Sans'', for use in marketing and communication material. ''UPS Sans'' was created by slightly altering certain parts of [[FSI FontShop International]]’s font ''[[FF Dax]]'' without permission. This has resulted in an agreement between FSI FontShop International and FutureBrand to avoid litigation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://typophile.com/node/17362 |title=FontShop and Unnamed Firm Reach Agreement |accessdate=May 22, 2008 |work=FSI Press Release}}</ref>

===Vehicles===
====Package cars====
[[File:UPS PackageCar 2344949376 74be4af25f o cropped.jpg|thumb|right|UPS package car from rear quarter. US variant, [[Corpus Christi, Texas|Corpus Christi]], Texas]]
[[File:UPS UK Mercedes Sprinter.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mercedes Sprinter]]-based package car in London. The van carries the logo of the [[London 2012 Olympics]], to show that UPS is a sponsor of the games]]
[[File:2008-08-02 UPS long trailer 1.jpg|thumb|right|A UPS trailer parked in [[Durham, North Carolina]]]]

The UPS package car (or van) is a major symbol of the U.S. business world, with its iconic status referenced in an early-2000s ad campaign following UPS' sponsorship of [[Dale Jarrett]] in the [[NASCAR Sprint Cup Series]]: the ads were about how the company would prefer to race the truck over a stock car despite the futility of doing so, as "people love the truck".

The classic UPS package car is built on a [[General Motors]] or [[Ford]] [[chassis]], has a manual transmission, manual steering, and no radio or air conditioning. Older vehicles are easily recognizable due to their round headlights and turn signals set onto a sculpted fiberglass hood. These are either [[Grumman Olson]] or [[Union City Body]] P-500, P-600, or P-800 step vans (a recent redesign changed the look, replacing the round turn signals with [[ovoid]] [[LED]] ones). The cars lack manufacturer's name or badges.

Newer package cars in North America have either a [[Freightliner Trucks]] or [[Navistar International]] chassis; automatic transmissions and power steering are slowly appearing in package cars. UPS also operates [[Mercedes-Benz Sprinter]] box vans (occasionally with Dodge badges) as well as [[Dodge Grand Caravan]] minivans.{{Citation needed|date=November 2011}}

UPS has ordered [[Modec]] [[electric van]]s for its UK and German fleets. Energy costs play a huge part in the potential profitability of package delivery companies like DHL and FedEx.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.4evriders.org/2008/11/europe-ups-orders-modec-electric-vans-for-uk-and-german-fleets/ |title=Europe: UPS Orders Modec Electric Vans for UK and German Fleets |date=November 20, 2008 |accessdate=December 18, 2010 }}</ref>

When UPS ground vehicles reach the end of their useful service life and are no longer roadworthy (typically 20–25 years or more, but generally when the body's structural integrity is compromised), they are almost always stripped of reusable parts, repainted in household paint to cover up the trademark, and then sent to the scrapyard to be crushed and broken up. The only exception to this policy is when a package car is repainted white for internal use, usually at a large hub. Prior to scrapping, UPS trucks and trailers are assigned an ADA (Automotive Destruction Authorization) number and must be crushed under supervision of UPS Automotive personnel, which records the vehicle's destruction, as UPS does not re-sell any of its ground vehicles.
====Other trucks====
UPS commonly refers to its tractor-trailers as "feeders". The [[tractor unit]]s are painted the same Pullman brown as the package cars, while all company-owned [[trailer (vehicle)|trailers]] are painted gray. UPS trailers come in a variety of lengths. The shortest trailers (also known as "pups") are {{convert|28|ft|m}} long; longer trailers (also known as "hogs") come in lengths of 45, 48 or {{convert|53|ft|m}}. Towing two of the short trailers in tandem are referred to as "double pups" or a "set."  There are three different types of feeders&nbsp;— Flatbed, Drop Frame, and [[Intermodal freight transport|Trailer-on-flatcar]] (TOFC); the latter are put onto railroad cars.

Tractor units are usually made by [[Navistar International|Navistar]] or [[Mack Trucks|Mack]], but a few [[Ford]], [[Sterling Trucks|Sterling]], and [[Freightliner Trucks|Freightliner]] tractors are in the fleet. Past makes in the fleet include [[Chevrolet]], [[GMC (automobile)|GMC]], and [[Diamond REO]]. In keeping with "no free advertising", the same is done with the "feeder" trucks as with the package cars; all make and model badges are removed from the vehicle. At one time, UPS used electric-powered trucks, made by [[White Motor Company|White Motors]], for deliveries in Manhattan, NYC. There were only a few hundred of them, but they were notable for their "spooky silence" when running.

===Bicycles===
In 2008, UPS started hiring bike delivery people in Vancouver, Washington; Portland, Salem, Corvallis, Antelope, Eugene, and Medford, Oregon.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://bikeportland.org/2008/11/14/ups-gears-up-for-holidays-with-bike-delivery/ |title=UPS gears up for holidays with bike delivery |first=Jonathan |last=Maus |date=November 14, 2008 |accessdate=December 18, 2010 }}</ref>

===Trains===

UPS contracts with several railroad companies in the United States to provide [[Intermodal freight transport|intermodal]] transport for its cargo.

==Other codes==
* Trailer /Railroad [[reporting marks]]: UPGX, UPGZ, UPOZ, UPSZ, UPWZ, UPSC<ref name="CTG09">{{Cite book| title=Canadian Trackside Guide | last=Roberts| first=Earl W| coauthors=Stremes, David P| year=2009| pages=Chapter 18 Page 27| publisher=Bytown Railway Society| location=Ottawa, Ontario}}</ref>
* [[National Motor Freight Traffic Association|NMFTA]] [[Standard Carrier Alpha Codes|SCAC Code]]: UPSS, UPSN, UPSC

==Operating subsidiaries and alliances==
=== ANA/UPS – All Nippon/United Parcel Deal ===

[[All Nippon Airways]], a [[Star Alliance]] member, and UPS have formed a cargo alliance and code-share to transport member cargo, similarly to an [[airline alliance]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/All-Nippon-Airways-UPS-work/story.aspx?guid={C217C64D-897F-421D-B04D-093357133808} |title=All Nippon Airways and UPS to work together amid cargo slump |date=October 29, 2008 |accessdate=December 18, 2010 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=20602]{{dead link|date=December 2010}}</ref>

==Personnel structure==
[[File:Upspackagecars.jpg|thumb|right|Larger UPS package vehicles custom made by [[Grumman Olson]]]]
[[File:UPS Sprinter van.jpg|thumb|right|Smaller UPS package vehicle on a [[Dodge Sprinter]] chassis]]
[[File:UPS Truck.jpg|thumb|right|UPS package vehicle on a [[Mercedes-Benz Vario]] chassis]]
[[File:UPS Airlines (N288UP) Boeing 747-100 freighter parked at Sydney Airport.jpg|thumb|A [[Boeing 747]] in the original UPS Airlines livery in 1998]]
[[File:UPS Airlines (N288UP) McDonnell Douglas MD-11F climbs just after taking off at Sydney Airport.jpg|thumb|A UPS Airlines [[McDonnell Douglas MD-11]]F aircraft just after takeoff in 2007]]

UPS employs approximately 425,300 staff, with 358,400 in the U.S. and 67,300 internationally. Approximately 240,000 UPS drivers, package handlers and clerks are represented by the [[International Brotherhood of Teamsters]]. The company has had only one nationwide strike in its history, which occurred in 1997, lasting 16 days.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/US/9708/20/ups.update.early/ |title=It's official: Teamsters end UPS strike |accessdate=August 19, 2007 |publisher=CNN}}</ref>

==Chief executives==
* 1907–1962 [[James E. Casey|James E. "Jim" Casey]]
* 1962–1972 George D. Smith
* 1972–1973 Paul Oberkotter
* 1973–1980 Harold Oberkotter
* 1980–1984 George Lamb
* 1984–1990 John W. Rogers
* 1990–1997 [[Kent C. Nelson|Kent C. "Oz" Nelson]]
* 1997–2001 James P. Kelly
* 2002–2007 [[Mike Eskew|Michael L. "Mike" Eskew]]
* 2008 – Present [[Scott Davis (businessperson)|Scott Davis]]
<ref>{{Cite news
| url = http://investor.shareholder.com/ups/news/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=269116
| title = UPS Chairman & CEO Mike Eskew to Retire; Scott Davis Named as Successor
}}</ref>

==American Legislative Exchange Council==
Richard McArdle, representing UPS, sits on the Private Enterprise Board of the [[American Legislative Exchange Council]] (ALEC).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.alec.org/about-alec/private-enterprise-board/ |title=Private Enterprise Board &#124; ALEC – American Legislative Exchange Council |publisher=Alec.org |date= |accessdate=2012-06-21}}</ref>

==System design==
{{unreferencedsection|date=September 2012}}
The UPS Parcel Network is based on a [[Spoke-hub distribution paradigm|hub and spoke model]]. UPS operates [[List of United Parcel Service hubs|centers]] that feed parcels to hubs where parcels are sorted and forwarded to their destinations. Centers typically are the point of entry for parcels and send the parcels to one or more hubs. A hub is a location where many centers send packages to be sorted and sent back out to other centers or hubs. For example, a standard ground parcel being shipped from [[Wilmington, North Carolina]] to San Francisco is picked up by a driver and taken to the Wilmington Package Center, where it is loaded on a trailer and driven to [[Greensboro, North Carolina]]. At Greensboro it would be loaded onto a trailer and sent by rail ([[trailer-on-flatcar]] in most cases) to the [[Oakland, California]] Hub. There it would then be forwarded to the delivery center in [[San Francisco, California]], loaded onto the delivery vehicle, and transported to its final destination.

The UPS air network runs similarly to the ground network through a hub-and-spoke system, though air hubs are typically located at airports so airplanes can quickly be unloaded, the packages sorted, and the aircraft loaded again. Centers feed packages to facilities at airports (called gateways), which in turn send them to an air hub to be sorted and put on another airplane to a final destination gateway, and then from there to a center. For instance, a Next Day Air package traveling from [[Seattle, Washington]] to [[Atlanta, Georgia]], would be loaded onto an [[Unit Load Device|air container]] at [[Boeing Field]] just south of Seattle and flown to the [[Worldport (UPS air hub)]] in [[Louisville, Kentucky]]. From there it would be sorted to a container heading to Atlanta to [[Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport]], and taken by truck from the airport to the delivery center.

==The UPS Store pricing for non-UPS products==
Although [[The UPS Store]] provides UPS shipping at regular UPS rates, The UPS Store has been sometimes criticized for providing [[United States Postal Service]] (USPS) services at prices higher than consumers would have paid for the same services directly from the postal service.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/21/nyregion/21ups.html |newspaper=New York Times |title=In New York paying more to send US mail at UPS stores |date=December 21, 2009 |first=Ray |last=Rivera}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.upi.com/Business_News/2009/12/21/Often-unnoticed-rates-at-UPS/UPI-34571261406484/ |publisher=UPI |title=Often unnoticed rates at UPS |date=December 21, 2009 }}</ref> The UPS Store allows individuals to ship via USPS at varying rates that are not the retail rates the post office charges; this is viewed as more of a convenience fee (akin to paying a slightly higher price for groceries at a convenience store). USPS rules allow third-party stores to charge extra costs that they deem necessary.

==Fuel economy==
[[File:UPS truck -804051.jpg|thumb|right|UPS Package Car.]]

In 2004 UPS announced that it would save fuel by minimizing left turns. Because drivers are idle at intersections while waiting to make left turns, UPS developed software that routes the day's packages with preference to right turns. Since UPS operates a fleet of over 100,000 ground vehicles,<ref name="UPS.com" >[http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/about/facts/worldwide.html About UPS]. UPS (August 28, 1907). Retrieved on July 12, 2011.</ref> the fuel savings are considerable. In 2005, UPS eliminated {{convert|464000|mi|km}} from its travel and saved {{convert|51000|usgal|l}} of fuel.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4188/is_20060716/ai_n16540534 |title=UPS says turning right saves time, money |accessdate=October 15, 2007 |work=Deseret News | date=July 16, 2006}}</ref>
{{See also|Travelling salesman problem}}

UPS is also utilizing hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) for local deliveries only. As of May 22, 2007, the company has 50 deployed in Atlanta, Dallas, Houston, and Phoenix. The 50 HEVs are expected to cut fuel consumption by {{convert|44000|usgal|l}} per year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ups.com/pressroom/us/press_releases/press_release/0,0,4894,00.html |title=UPS "Green Fleet" Expands with 50 Hybrid Electric Vehicles |accessdate=August 19, 2007 |work=UPS Press Release}}</ref>

==Environmental record==
UPS has 94,600 vehicles in operation.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://pressroom.ups.com/mediakits/factsheet/0,2305,1140,00.html UPS Pressroom: Fact Sheet]{{dead link|date=July 2011}}</ref> In May 2008 UPS placed an order for 200 [[hybrid electric vehicle]]s (adding to the 50 it has currently) and 300 [[compressed natural gas]] (which are 20% more fuel efficient, and add to the 800 it already has) vehicles from [[Daimler Trucks North America]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.canadiandriver.com/thenews/2008/05/14/ups-orders-500-vehicles-for-“green-fleet”.htm |title=UPS orders 500 vehicles for green fleet |publisher=Canadian Driver |date=May 14, 2008 |accessdate=December 18, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://finchannel.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12630&Itemid=14 |title=UPS Places Largest Order for "Green" Trucks Ever with Daimler Trucks North America (DTNA) |date=May 15, 2010
15/05/20 |publisher=finchannel.com |accessdate=December 18, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/eastbay/stories/2008/05/12/daily38.html |title=UPS orders more hybrid electric trucks |publisher=East Bay Business Times | date=May 13, 2008}}</ref>

UPS received a "striding" rating of 80 points out of 100 totals on the environmental scorecard by the Climate Counts Group for its efforts to lessen the company's impact on the environment.<ref>[http://www.climatecounts.org/scorecard_score.php?co=70 UPS Score]. Climate Counts. Retrieved on September 14th, 2012.</ref> UPS has also been awarded the Clean Air Excellence Award by the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] because of the alternative fuel program it has developed.<ref>[http://www.csrwire.com/News/5355.html UPS Environmental Achievements Recognized by EPA; UPS Improves Air Quality through Environmental Programs]. Csrwire.com (April 6, 2006). Retrieved on July 12, 2011.</ref>

In October, 2009, UPS became the first small package carrier to offer customers the chance to buy [[carbon offset]]s to neutralize the greenhouse gas emissions generated by the transport of their packages. Although initially only available on ups.com and to high-volume shippers, they are now widely available through UPS shipping systems and UPS Ready third party shipping systems.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carbonoffsetsdaily.com/carbonindustryinterviews/interview-scott-wicker-vp-sustainability-ups-on-ups%E2%80%99s-per-package-carbon-offsets-service-19424.htm |title=Interview: Scott Wicker, VP Sustainability, UPS on UPS's Per-Package Carbon Offsets Service |publisher=CarbonOffsetsDaily.com |date= October 13, 2009}}</ref><ref>[http://www.ups.com/content/us/en/resources/ship/carbonneutral/shipping.html Shipping carbon neutral with UPS]. UPS. Retrieved on July 12, 2011.</ref>

==Employee theft==
UPS had an incident of an employee stealing firearms in transit to licensed firearm dealers.<ref>{{Cite news|title=U.P.S. 'GUN THIEF' DRIVER 'TOOK PARCELS'|last=Hamilton|first=Brad|date=2007-04-29|work=New York Post| url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/regional/item_804L9z4jQIVd4CfLjSbLqJ;jsessionid=5A2C986654859289E69094056453BC82|accessdate=2011-05-18}}</ref> In 1999, in response to these thefts, UPS issued a policy that all [[handgun]]s must be shipped overnight. "We're trying to protect ourselves from employees stealing and criminals stealing." UPS spokesman Bob Godlewski said.<ref>{{Cite news|title=United Parcel Service to stop ground service delivery of handgun|date=1999-10-08|publisher=The Oklahoma City Journal Record|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4182/is_19991008/ai_n10133216/ |accessdate=2011-05-18}}</ref>

==Employment actions==
In recent years, UPS had some employment actions brought by the [[Equal Employment Opportunity Commission]]. <ref>{{cite web |title=Two Recent Lawsuits against UPS Highlight Risks of Inflexible Termination Policies |url=http://www.natlawreview.com/article/two-recent-lawsuits-against-ups-highlight-risks-inflexible-terminat |publisher=Poyner Spruill LLP |date=2009-12-09|accessdate=2012-08-23}}</ref> In EEOC v. United Parcel Service, Inc. a former UPS employee took a 12-month leave of absence after she began having symptoms that were later diagnosed as multiple sclerosis. UPS had a policy allowing employees to take up to 12 months off for medical leave. When the employee exhausted this medical leave, the EEOC alleges the employee requested an additional two weeks of leave and that she could have returned to her job after those additional two weeks. Instead of allowing the alleged request for an additional two weeks of leave, UPS terminated her employment. In Jackson v. United Parcel Service, Inc., 548 F.3d 1137 (8th Cir. 2008), UPS allegedly demoted a black, female employee after she caused an accident on her first day on the job. The court ruled that the employee failed to make out Title VII race and gender discrimination claims because UPS promptly reinstated her to her former position and paid her full back pay. The court held that “a demotion or denial of a promotion, even when accompanied by a loss in pay, is not an adverse employment action when it is corrected in a timely manner.” In EEOC v. United Parcel Service, Inc., 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 111464 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 28, 2011), the [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois]] scrutinized agency-initiated suits that do not lay out certain basic legal elements based on the Supreme Court decisions. <ref>{{cite web |title=Employment Law Issues in the Workplace: EEOC Developments
 |url= http://www.natlawreview.com/article/employment-law-issues-workplace-eeoc-developments|publisher=[[Dinsmore & Shohl]]|work=The [[National Law Review]]|date=2012-05-09|accessdate=2012-07-13}}</ref>

In 2012, the [[Equal Employment Opportunity Commission]] alleged that UPS violated federal employment law when it allowed supervisors and coworkers to discriminate against and harass an employee for being Arab and Muslim. <ref>{{cite web |title=UPS Sued by EEOC for National Origin and Religious Harassment |url= http://www.natlawreview.com/article/ups-sued-eeoc-national-origin-and-religious-harassment|publisher=U.S [[Equal Employment Opportunity Commission]] |work=The National Law Review|date=2012-09-12|accessdate=2012-09-29}}</ref>

==Fees for Canadians==
The normal procedure for residential customers in Canada to import goods from the U.S. by mail is relatively simple; they are required to pay 5% [[Goods and Services Tax (Canada)|GST]] on the item in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Quebec and higher rates of HST (Harmonized Sales Tax) in eastern Canada, Ontario (13% HST), and British Columbia, plus a C$5 handling fee collected by the [[Canada Border Services Agency]] (CBSA) on behalf of [[Canada Post]]. This applies for mailed items greater than C$20 and gifts less than C$60 in value;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca/E/pub/cp/rc4051/rc4051-e.html |title=Importing Non-Commercial Goods by Mail |accessdate=August 19, 2007 |work=CBSA}}{{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> this does not apply to items shipped by couriers such as UPS.

When delivering packages in Canada, UPS [[Customs broking|brokers]] clears the item through the CBSA and transfers a cost to the buyer.<ref name=brokerage>{{cite web|url=http://www.ups.com/content/ca/en/shipping/cost/zones/customs_clearance.html |title=UPS Rates for Customs Clearance into Canada |accessdate=August 19, 2007 |work=United Parcel Service}}</ref> These fees are not disclosed at the time of purchase by the seller, as many sellers from the U.S. are themselves unaware of this.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/consumers/market/files/home/courierfees/index.html CBC Marketplace article]{{Dead link|date=September 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.thegatesofdawn.ca/wordpress/posts/2006/12/10/ups-brokerage-fee-class-action/ UPS “Brokerage fee” class-action]. Thegatesofdawn.ca. Retrieved on July 12, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.epinions.com/content_20759744132/show_~allcom UPS Brokerage Fee]. Epinions.com. Retrieved on July 12, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://forums.ebay.ca/thread.jspa?threadID=300003225 Canadian Customs: What's The Deal]. Forums.ebay.ca. Retrieved on July 12, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.mitsunation.net/showthread.php?t=5567 Why we hate UPS]. Mitsunation.net. Retrieved on July 12, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://theminiaturespage.com/boards/msg.mv?id=26424 UPS brokerage fees shock horror!]. Theminiaturespage.com (July 29, 2004). Retrieved on July 12, 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.ehmac.ca/everything-else-eh/19292-ups-problems-warning-rant.html UPS Problems – WARNING]. Ehmac.ca. Retrieved on July 12, 2011.</ref>

As a result, there have been two class-action lawsuits filed against UPS by Canadians. The first one, filed in October 2006 by Robert Macfarlane, a resident of [[British Columbia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.poynerbaxter.com/UPS.htm |title=UPS British Columbia Class Action Lawsuit |accessdate=August 19, 2007 }}</ref> alleges that the UPS brokerage is "so harsh and adverse as to constitute an unconscionable practice."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.poynerbaxter.com/UPS/Statement%20of%20Claim.pdf#page5 |title=Statement of Claim |format=PDF |page=5 |accessdate=August 19, 2007}}</ref>

The second, filed by Ryan Wright and Julia Zislin in Ontario, claims "that UPS failed to obtain consumers’ consent to act as a customs broker; to disclose the existence and/or amount of the brokerage fee; and to provide consumers with the opportunity or disclose to them how to arrange for customs clearance by themselves."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classaction.ca/content/actions/ups.asp |title=Ontario Class-action Lawsuit |accessdate=August 19, 2007}}</ref>

It is possible for the recipient to avoid these brokerage fees if the parcel is being shipped by a UPS "express" (premium) service,<ref name=brokerage /> that is, another service other than UPS Standard (Ground). Fees may also be avoided if the recipient clears the parcel him- or herself at a CBSA office.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thegatesofdawn.ca/wordpress/posts/2009/01/26/avoiding-upsfedex-brokerage-fees/ |title=Avoiding Brokerage Fees |accessdate=June 22, 2009}}</ref>

This distinction is not limited to Canada, or to UPS. As a rule, "mail" import procedures in all countries apply only to items imported '''by mail''', i.e., originated by the exporter's local postal authority (for Canadians, commonly [[United States Postal Service|USPS]]) for delivery by the importer's local postal authority (Canada Post); they do '''not''' apply to shipments made by courier services such as UPS, FedEx, or DHL. For example, this distinction is specifically noted by [[U.S. Customs and Border Protection]] (CBP) in its website's page on Internet purchases imported into the United States; it also warns that imports by courier may come with "higher than...expected" brokerage fees that "sometimes exceed the cost of (the) purchase", and that prepaid shipping charges on imports by courier normally do '''not''' include duties or brokerage fees.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.cbp.gov/xp/cgov/import/infrequent_importer_info/internet_purchases.xml | title=Internet Purchases | accessdate=August 19, 2007 | work=CBP}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> (The distinction may be sharper in the U.S. because CBP normally waives duties on mail imports of up to US$200 per day, but '''not''' on courier imports of any amount. [[Use tax]], the U.S. equivalent of GST, is collected only by the states, not by CBP or shippers.) What makes this case unique is that UPS charges a substantial brokerage fee on ground shipments to Canada, when other Canadian small-package services apparently charge nothing (UPS "express" services) or a minimal fee (Canada Post).

==See also==
{{Portal box|Atlanta|Companies}}
* [[Big Brown]] – 2008 [[Kentucky Derby]] and [[Preakness Stakes]] winner; named after the company
* [[Freight company]]
* [[Freight payment service]]
* [[Incoterms]]
* [[MaxiCode]] – A UPS developed and utilized square barcode-like symbol that appears on their package label
* [[Point-to-point transit]]
* [[Spoke-hub distribution paradigm]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* "Insourcing," [[Thomas Friedman|Thomas L. Friedman]], ''The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century,'' New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, updated and expanded, 2006, pp.&nbsp;167–176.
* "Big Brown:  The Untold Story of UPS" [http://www.gregniemann.com/ Niemann, Greg]. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
* "Driving Change: The UPS Approach to Business" [http://www.amazon.com/Driving-Change-UPS-Approach-Business/dp/1401302882 Brewster, Mike and Frederick Dalzell]. New York: Hyperion, 2007.

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ZCfSb8CDFY&feature=endscreen&NR=1 How Courier Company UPS Operate]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZu_gxi3sbs UPS Documentary]
* [http://www.ups.com/wwx/about/ups_story.html The UPS Story - HOW UPS WORKS]
* [http://www.trinity.edu/smf/inc/reports/sp2011/ups.pdf UPS - PPT]
* [http://www.dol.gov/oasam/programs/hallofhonor/2002_casey.htm James E. Casey (1888 — 1983) - UPS Founder's Profile]
* [http://pressroom.ups.com/Fact+Sheets/UPS+Fact+Sheet UPS Fact Sheet]
* [http://www.ups.com/content/corp/companies/index.html UPS Companies/Subsidiaries]
* [http://pressroom.ups.com/Fact+Sheets/UPS+Timeline UPS Timeline]
* [http://www.canadianbusinessjournal.ca Canadian Business Journal],
* [http://www.ups.com/ UPS corporate website, shipping, tracking, service information]
* [http://www.ugtsiut.org Portal del Transporte de la Sección Sindical de UGT en Seur GeoPost + UPS transportes]
* [http://biz.yahoo.com/ic/40/40483.html Yahoo! – United Parcel Service, Inc. Company Profile]
* [http://ask.yahoo.com/20050913.html Ask Yahoo!: Who manufactures the brown UPS trucks?]
* [http://www.accuracyproject.org/shippingholidays.html U.S. Mail holidays – UPS holidays – FedEx holidays – Internet Accuracy Project]
* [http://www.treehugger.com/files/2006/06/ups_hydraulic.php UPS’s New Hydraulic Hybrid Available For Test Ride In NYC]
* [http://www.smartmoney.com/spend/rip-offs/10-things-your-delivery-service-wont-tell-you-15015/ 10 Things Your Delivery Service Won't Tell You], [[SmartMoney]]

{{UPS}}
{{Trucking industry in the United States}}
{{Atlanta companies}}
{{Dow Jones Transportation Average}}
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[[Category:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Companies based in Sandy Springs, Georgia]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1907]]
[[Category:Express mail]]
[[Category:Logistics companies of the United States]]
[[Category:Companies based in New York City]]
[[Category:Companies based in Fairfield County, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Greenwich, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Economy of Memphis, Tennessee]]
[[Category:Publicly traded companies of the United States]]

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