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In the [[Middle East]], the biggest democratic socialist party is the [[Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority)]].

The folkesocialisme or [[Popular Socialism|people's socialism]] that emerged as a vital current of the left in [[Scandinavia]] beginning in the 1950s could be characterized as a democratic socialism in the same vein. Former Swedish prime minister [[Olof Palme]] is an important proponent of democratic socialism.^ref

== Notable democratic socialists ==

*[[Salvador Allende]]
*[[Rosa Luxemburg]]
*[[Clement Attlee]]
*[[Michelle Bachelet]]
*[[Tony Benn]]
*[[Rómulo Betancourt]]
*[[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]
*[[Léon Blum]]
*[[Leonel Brizola]]
*[[Hugo Chávez]]
*[[Eugene V. Debs]]
*[[John Dewey]]
*[[Tommy Douglas]]
*[[Jean Jaurès]]
*[[Helen Keller]]
*[[Naomi Klein]]{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
*[[Ken Livingstone]]
*[[Michael Manley]]
*[[Jan Marijnissen]]
*[[José Mujica]]
*[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
*[[George Orwell]]
*[[Olof Palme]]
*[[Emile Roemer]]
*[[Bertrand Russell]]^ref
*[[Bernie Sanders]]
*[[Norman Thomas]]
*[[Ronald van Raak]]
*[[Cornel West]]
*[[Howard Zinn]]
*[[Rafael Correa]]
*[[Aneurin Bevan]]
*[[Daniel De Leon]]

== See also ==

*
*[[List of democratic socialist parties and organizations]]
*[[Libertarian socialism]]
*[[Liberal socialism]]
*[[Luxemburgism]]
*[[Participatory democracy]]
*[[Revolutionary socialism]]
*[[Sewer Socialism]]
*[[Social democracy]]
*[[Socialism of the 21st century]]
*[[Soviet democracy]]
*[[Third camp]]
*[[Workers' council]]
*[[Yellow socialism]]

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'''Democratic socialism''' is a variant of [[socialism]] that rejects centralized, [[Elitism|elitist]], or [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] methods of transitioning from [[capitalism]] to socialism in favor of grassroots-level movements aiming for the immediate creation of decentralized [[economic democracy]].

The term is often used by socialists who favor either electoral transition to socialism or a spontaneous mass revolution from below to distinguish themselves from authoritarian socialists that call for a [[single-party state]], most notably to contrast with [[Marxism–Leninism|Marxist-Leninists]] and [[Maoism|Maoists]].

Democratic socialists endorse a post-capitalist, socialist economic system as an alternative to capitalism. Some democratic socialists advocate [[market socialism]] based on [[Workers' self-management|workplace self-management]], while others support a non-market system based on  [[Decentrally planned economy|decentralized]]-participatory planning. Many contemporary democratic socialists reject centralized planning as a basis for democratic socialism.<ref>Schweickart, David. ''Democratic Socialism''. Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice (2006): http://orion.it.luc.edu/~dschwei/demsoc.htm: "Virtually all (democratic) socialists have distanced themselves from the economic model long synonymous with 'socialism,' i.e. the Soviet model of a non-market, centrally-planned economy...Some have endorsed the concept of 'market socialism,' a post-capitalist economy that retains market competition, but socializes the means of production, and, in some versions, extends democracy to the workplace.  Some hold out for a non-market, participatory economy.  All democratic socialists agree on the need for a democratic alternative to capitalism."</ref>

==Definition==

Democratic socialism is difficult to define, and groups of scholars have radically different definitions for the term. Some definitions simply refer to all forms of [[socialism]] that follow an electoral, [[reformism|reformist]] or evolutionary path to socialism, rather than a [[revolution]]ary one.<ref>This definition is captured in this statement: [[Anthony Crosland]] "argued that the socialisms of the pre-war world (not just that of the [[Marxist]]s, but of the democratic socialists too) were now increasingly irrelevant." (Chris Pierson, "Lost property: What the Third Way lacks," ''Journal of Political Ideologies'' (June 2005), 10(2), 145–163 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13569310500097265). Other texts which use the terms "democratic socialism" in this way include Malcolm Hamilton ''Democratic Socialism in [[United Kingdom|Britain]] and [[Sweden]]'' (St Martin’s Press 1989).</ref>  Often, this definition is invoked to distinguish democratic socialism from [[Stalinism|Stalinist socialism]], as in Donald Busky's ''Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey'',<ref>See pp.7-8.</ref> Jim Tomlinson's ''Democratic Socialism and Economic Policy: The Attlee Years, 1945-1951'', Norman Thomas ''Democratic Socialism: a new appraisal'' or [[Roy Hattersley]]'s ''Choose Freedom: The Future of Democratic Socialism''.

But for those who use the term in this way, the scope of the term "socialism" itself can be very vague, and include proposals compatible with [[capitalism]]. For example, Robert M. Page, a Reader in Democratic Socialism and Social Policy at the [[University of Birmingham]], writes about "transformative democratic socialism" to refer to the politics of the [[Clement Attlee]] government (a strong [[welfare state]], fiscal redistribution, some nationalisation) and "revisionist democratic socialism," as developed by [[Anthony Crosland]] and [[Harold Wilson]]:
<blockquote>The most influential revisionist Labour thinker, Anthony Crosland..., contended that a more "benevolent" form of capitalism had emerged since the [Second World War] ... According to Crosland, it was now possible to achieve greater equality in society without the need for "fundamental" economic transformation. For Crosland, a more meaningful form of equality could be achieved if the growth dividend derived from effective management of the economy was invested in "pro-poor" public services rather than through fiscal redistribution.<ref>Robert M Page, "Without a Song in their Heart: New Labour, the Welfare State and the Retreat from Democratic Socialism," ''Jnl Soc. Pol.'', 36, 1, 19–37  2007.</ref></blockquote>
Indeed, some proponents of [[market socialism]] see the latter as a form of democratic socialism.<ref>For example, David Miller, ''Market, State, and Community: Theoretical Foundations of Market Socialism'' (Oxford University Press, 1990).</ref>

A variant of this set of definitions is [[Joseph Schumpeter]]'s argument, set out in ''Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy'' (1941), that [[liberal democracies]] were evolving from "liberal capitalism" into democratic socialism, with the growth of [[workers' self-management]], [[industrial democracy]] and regulatory institutions.<ref>See John Medearis, "Schumpeter, the New Deal, and Democracy," ''The American Political Science Review'', 1997.</ref>

In contrast, other definitions of democratic socialism sharply distinguish it from [[social democracy]].<ref name=sdvrds>[http://www.dsausa.org/pdf/widemsoc.pdf What is Democratic Socialism? Questions and Answers from the Democratic Socialists of America].</ref> For example, [[Peter Hain]] classifies democratic socialism, along with [[libertarian socialism]], as a form of [[anti-authoritarian]] "[[The Two Souls of Socialism|socialism from below]]" (using the term popularised by [[Hal Draper]]), in contrast to [[Stalinism]] and social democracy, variants of [[authoritarian]] [[state socialism]]. For Hain, this democratic/authoritarian divide is more important than the [[revolutionary socialism|revolutionary]]/[[reformist]] divide.<ref>[[Peter Hain]] ''Ayes to the Left'' Lawrence and Wishart.</ref>  In this definition, it is the active participation of the population as a whole, and workers in particular, in the management of economy that characterises democratic socialism, while [[nationalisation]] and [[economic planning]] (whether controlled by an elected government or not) are characteristic of state socialism. A similar, but more complex, argument is made by [[Nicos Poulantzas]].<ref>"[http://www.newleftreview.org/?page=article&view=1242 Towards a Democratic Socialism]," ''New Left Review'' I/109, May–June 1978.</ref> Draper himself uses the term "revolutionary-democratic socialism" as a type of [[socialism from below]] in his ''[[The Two Souls of Socialism]]''. He writes: "the leading spokesman in the Second International of a revolutionary-democratic Socialism-from-Below [was] [[Rosa Luxemburg]], who so emphatically put her faith and hope in the spontaneous struggle of a free working class that the myth-makers invented for her a 'theory of spontaneity{{'"}}.<ref>Hal Draper, ''The Two Souls of Socialism'', "[http://www.sirendesign.net/solidarity/socialism.htm#Chap7 Chapter 7: The Revisionist Facade]."</ref>  Similarly, about [[Eugene Debs]], he writes: {{"'}}Debsian socialism' evoked a tremendous response from the heart of the people, but Debs had no successor as a tribune of revolutionary-democratic socialism."<ref>Hal Draper, ''The Two Souls of Socialism'', "[http://www.sirendesign.net/solidarity/socialism.htm#Chap8 Chapter 8: The 100% American Scene]."</ref>

Other definitions fall between the first and second set, seeing democratic socialism as a specific political tradition closely related to and overlapping with social democracy. For example, [[Bogdan Denitch]], in ''Democratic Socialism'', defines it as proposing a radical reorganization of the socio-economic order through public ownership, [[workers' control]] of the [[labor process]] and redistributive tax policies.<ref>Bogdan Denitch, ''Democratic Socialism: The Mass Left in Advanced Industrial Societies'' (Allanheld, Osmun, 1981).</ref>  Robert G. Picard similarly describes a democratic socialist tradition of thought including [[Eduard Bernstein]], [[Karl Kautsky]], [[Evan Durbin]] and [[Michael Harrington]].<ref>''The Press and the Decline of Democracy: Democratic Socialist Response in Public Policy'' (1985 Praeger/Greenwood).</ref>

The term ''democratic socialism'' can be used in a third way, to refer to a version of the [[Soviet democracy|Soviet model]] that was reformed in a democratic way. For example, [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] described [[perestroika]] as building a "new, humane and democratic socialism."<ref>Paul T. Christensen "Perestroika and the Problem of Socialist Renewal" ''Social Text'' 1990.</ref>  Consequently, some former [[Communist parties]] have rebranded themselves as democratic socialist, as with the [[The Left Party.PDS|Party of Democratic Socialism]] in Germany.

Justification of democratic socialism can be found in the works of social philosophers like [[Charles Taylor (philosopher)|Charles Taylor]] and [[Axel Honneth]], among others. Honneth has put forward the view that political and economic ideologies have a social basis, that is, they originate from intersubjective communication between members of a society.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Honneth|first=Axel|authorlink=Axel Honneth|chapter=The Limits of Liberalism:  On the Political-Ethical Discussion Concerning Communitarianism|year=1995|editor-surname= Honneth|editor-first= Axel|title=The Fragmented World of the Social|publisher=State University of New York Press|location=Albany|isbn=0-7914-2300-X|pages=231–247 |postscript=}}</ref> Honneth criticises the liberal state because it assumes that principles of [[individual liberty]] and [[private property]] are ahistorical and abstract, when, in fact, they evolved from a specific social discourse on human activity. Contra [[Liberalism|liberal]] [[individualism]], Honneth has emphasised the inter-subjective dependence between humans; that is, our well-being depends on recognising others and being recognised by them. Democratic socialism, with its emphasis on social [[collectivism]], could be seen as a way of safeguarding this dependency.

In recent years, some{{who|date=April 2012}} have suggested replacing "democratic" with "participatory" upon seeing the reduction of the former to parliamentarism.

==History==

===Forerunners and formative influences===

[[Fenner Brockway]], a leading British democratic socialist of the [[Independent Labour Party]], wrote in his book ''Britain's First Socialists'':

<blockquote>The [[Levellers]] were pioneers of political democracy and the sovereignty of the people; the [[Agitators]] were the pioneers of [[workers' control|participatory control by the ranks at their workplace]]; and the [[Diggers]] were pioneers of communal ownership, [[cooperation]] and [[egalitarianism]]. All three equate to democratic socialism.<ref>Quoted in [[Peter Hain]] ''Ayes to the Left'' Lawrence and Wishart, p.12.</ref></blockquote>

The tradition of the Diggers and the Levellers was continued in the period described by [[EP Thompson]] in ''[[The Making of the English Working Class]]'' by [[Jacobin (politics)|Jacobin]] groups like the [[London Corresponding Society]] and by polemicists such as [[Thomas Paine]]. Their concern for both democracy and [[social justice]] marks them out as key precursors of democratic socialism.<ref>Isabel Taylor [http://www.zyworld.com/albionmagazineonline/english_radicalism.htm  “A Potted History of English Radicalism”] ''Albion Magazine'' Summer 2007; M. Thrale (ed.) ''Selections from the Papers of the London Corresponding Society 1792-1799'' (Cambridge University Press, 1983); E. P. Thompson ''The Making of the English Working Class''. Victor Gollancz Ltd., 1963.</ref>

The term "socialist" was first used in English in the British ''Cooperative Magazine'' in 1827<ref>Hain, op cit, p.13.</ref>  and came to be associated with the followers of the [[Wales|Welsh]] reformer [[Robert Owen]], such as the [[Rochdale Pioneers]] who founded the [[co-operative movement]]. Owen's followers again stressed both [[participatory democracy]] and economic socialisation, in the form of consumer [[co-operative]]s, [[credit unions]] and [[mutual aid (organization)|mutual aid]] societies. The [[Chartists]] similarly combined a [[labour movement|working class politics]] with a call for greater democracy. Many countries have this.

The British [[moral philosopher]] [[John Stuart Mill]] also came to advocate a form of economic socialism within a [[Liberalism|liberal]] context. In later editions of his ''[[Principles of Political Economy]]'' (1848), Mill would argue that "as far as economic theory was concerned, there is nothing in principle in economic theory that precludes an economic order based on socialist policies."<ref>Wilson, Fred. "[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mill/John Stuart Mill]." ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'', 10 July 2007. Retrieved 17 March 2008.</ref><ref>"Mill, in contrast, advances a form of liberal democratic socialism for the enlargement of freedom as well as to realize social and distributive justice. He offers a powerful account of economic injustice and justice that is centered on his understanding of freedom and its conditions."  Bruce Baum, "[J. S. Mill and Liberal Socialism]," Nadia Urbanati and Alex Zacharas, eds., ''J. S. Mill’s Political Thought: A Bicentennial Reassessment'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007).</ref>

In North America, [[Henry George]] promoted the [[Single Tax]] Movement, which sought a form of democratic socialism via [[progressive taxation]], with tax only on [[natural resource]]s. George remained an advocate of the [[free market]] for the allocation of all other goods and services.<ref>"[http://www.henrygeorge.org/canons.htm Taxes: What Are They Good For?]" Henry George Institute. Retrieved 17 March 2008.</ref>

===Modern democratic socialism===
[[File:jameskeirhardie.jpg|thumb|right|[[James Keir Hardie]] was an early democratic socialist, who founded the [[Independent Labour Party]] in Great Britain]]

Democratic socialism became a prominent movement at the end of the 19th century. In [[Germany]], the Eisenacher socialist group merged with the Lassallean socialist group, in 1875, to form the [[German Social Democratic Party]].<ref>Eduard Bernstein, (1961). Evolutionary Socialism (from Die Voraussetzungen des Sozialismus und die Aufgaben der Sozialdemokratie). Schocken Books. p. xi.  ISBN 978-0805200119. "Six years before that he (Eduard Bernstein) had had joined the Eisenacher socialist group which merged with the Lassallean socialist group in 1875 to form the German Social Democratic Party.".</ref>  In [[Australia]], the Labour and Socialist movements were gaining traction and the [[Australian Labor Party]] (ALP) was formed in [[Barcaldine, Queensland]] in 1891 by striking pastoral workers. A minority government led by the party was formed in [[Queensland]] in 1899 with [[Anderson Dawson]] as the [[Premier of Queensland]] where it was founded and was in power for one week, the world's first democratic socialist party led government.{{citation needed|date=April 2012}} The ALP has been the main driving force for workers' rights in Australia, backed by Australian Trade Unions, in particular the [[Australian Workers' Union]]. Since the [[Whitlam Government]], the ALP has moved towards [[Social Democracy|Social Democratic]] and [[Third Way]] ideals which are found among many of the ALP's [[Labor Unity|Right Faction]] members. Democratic Socialist, [[Christian Socialist]], [[Libertarian Marxist]] and [[Agrarian socialism|Agrarian Socialist]] ideologies lie within Labor's [[Socialist Left (Australia)|Left Faction]].

In the US, [[Eugene V. Debs]], one of the most famous American socialists, led a movement centered around democratic socialism and made five bids for President, once in 1900 as candidate of the [[Social Democratic Party (United States)|Social Democratic Party]] and then four more times on the ticket of the [[Socialist Party of America]].<ref>Donald Busky, "Democratic Socialism in North America," ''Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey'' especially pp.153-177.</ref>  The socialist industrial unionism of [[Daniel DeLeon]] in the [[United States]] represented another strain of early democratic socialism in this period. It favored a form of government based on industrial unions, but which also sought to establish this government after winning at the ballot box.<ref>Donald Busky "Democratic Socialism in North America" ''Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey'' especially pp.150-154.</ref> The tradition continued to flourish in the [[Socialist Party of America]], especially under the leadership of [[Norman Thomas]].<ref>Robert John Fitrakis, "[http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/dissertations/AAI9029621 The idea of democratic socialism in America and the decline of the Socialist Party: Eugene Debs, Norman Thomas and Michael Harrington. (Volumes I and II)]" (January 1, 1990). ETD Collection for Wayne State University. Paper AAI9029621. See also "[http://www.dsausa.org/pdf/widemsoc.pdf What is Democratic Socialism? Questions and Answers from the Democratic Socialists of America]."</ref>  Senator [[Bernie Sanders]] from Vermont is a self-described democratic socialist, and is the only self-described socialist to ever be elected to the [[United States Senate]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/04/AR2006110401124.html |title=Exceedingly Social, But Doesn't Like Parties |accessdate=2009-03-17 |publisher=The Washington Post |date=2006-11-05 |quote=Vermont ...[is]... about to send the first avowed socialist to the Senate since ... well ... never. | first=Michael | last=Powell}}</ref>

In [[United Kingdom|Britain]], the democratic socialist tradition was represented in particular by the [[William Morris]]' [[Socialist League (UK, 1885)|Socialist League]], and in the 1880s by the [[Fabian Society]], and later the [[Independent Labour Party]] (ILP) founded by [[Keir Hardie]] in the 1890s, of which [[George Orwell]] would later be a prominent member.<ref>Donald Busky, "Democratic Socialism in Great Britain and Ireland," ''Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey'', pp.83-5 on Morris, pp.91-109 on Hardie and the ILP. On Morris as democratic socialist, see also volume 3 of David Reisman, ed., ''Democratic Socialism in Britain: Classic Texts in Economic and Political Thought, 1825–1952'' and [[E P Thompson]], ''William Morris: Romantic to Revolutionary'' (London: Merlin, 1977). On the ILP as democratic socialist, see also [http://www.the-ilp.org.uk/ilphist.htm The ILP: A Very Brief History]; James, David, Jowitt, Tony, and Laybourn, Keith, eds. ''The Centennial History of the Independent Labour Party''. Halifax: Ryburn, 1992.</ref> In the early 1920s, the [[guild socialism]] of [[G. D. H. Cole]] attempted to envision a socialist alternative to [[Soviet Union|Soviet]]-style [[authoritarianism]], while [[council communism]] articulated democratic socialist positions in several respects, notably through renouncing the [[vanguard party|vanguard]] role of the revolutionary party and holding that the system of the [[Soviet Union]] was not authentically socialist.<ref>On Cole as democratic socialist, see also volume 7 of David Reisman, ed, ''Democratic Socialism in Britain: Classic Texts in Economic and Political Thought, 1825–1952''.</ref>

[[File:Giuseppe Saragat.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Italian President [[Giuseppe Saragat]]]]
In other parts of [[Europe]], many democratic socialist parties were united in the [[International Working Union of Socialist Parties]] (the "Two and a Half International") in the early 1920s and in the [[London Bureau]] (the "Three and a Half International") in the 1930s. These internationals sought to steer a course between the social democrats of the [[Second International]], who were seen as insufficiently socialist (and had been compromised by their support for [[World War I]]), and the perceived anti-democratic [[Third International]]. The key movements within the Two and a Half International were the ILP and the [[Austromarxism|Austromarxists]], and the main forces in the Three and a Half International were the ILP and the Workers' Party of Marxist Unification ([[POUM]]) of Spain.<ref>F. Peter Wagner, ''Rudolf Hilferding: Theory and Politics of Democratic Socialism'' (Atlantic Highlands 1996).</ref><ref>Janet Polasky, ''The Democratic Socialism of Emile Vandervelde: Between Reform and Revolution'' (Oxford 1995).</ref> In [[Italy]], the [[Italian Democratic Socialist Party]] broke away from the [[Italian Socialist Party]] in 1947, when this latter joined the Soviet-funded [[Italian Communist Party]] to prepare the decisive [[Italian general election, 1948|general election of 1948]]. Despite remaining a minor party in Italian Parliament for fifty years, its leader [[Giuseppe Saragat]] became [[President of Italy]] in 1964.

During [[India]]'s [[Indian independence movement|freedom movement]], many figures on the left of the [[Indian National Congress]] organized themselves as the [[Congress Socialist Party]]. Their politics, and those of the early and intermediate periods of [[Jayaprakash Narayan]]'s career, combined a commitment to the socialist transformation of society with a principled opposition to the one-party authoritarianism they perceived in the [[Stalinist]] revolutionary model. This political current continued in the [[Praja Socialist Party]], the later [[Janata Party]] and the current [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref>"[http://www.kamat.com/database/content/democratic_socialism/ Vikas Kamat Democratic Socialism in India]."</ref><ref>A. Appadorai, "Recent Socialist Thought in India," ''The Review of Politics'' Vol. 30, No. 3 (Jul., 1968), pp. 349-362.</ref> In [[Pakistan]], Zulfikar Ali Bhutto introduced the concept of democratic socialism, and the [[Pakistan Peoples Party]] remained one of the prominent supporter for the socialist democratic policies in the country. [[Pakistan Socialist Party]] and [[Pakistan Social Democratic Party]], together with PPP, committed to the socialist transformations and reforms with an opposition to one-party dictatorship and authoritarianism.

In the [[Middle East]], the biggest democratic socialist party is the [[Organization of Iranian People's Fedaian (Majority)]].

The ''folkesocialisme'' or [[Popular Socialism|people's socialism]] that emerged as a vital current of the left in [[Scandinavia]] beginning in the 1950s could be characterized as a democratic socialism in the same vein. Former Swedish prime minister [[Olof Palme]] is an important proponent of democratic socialism.<ref>"Därför är jag demokratisk socialist," speech by Olof Palme at the 1982 [[Socialdemokraterna|Social Democratic]] party congress</ref>

==Notable democratic socialists==

*[[Salvador Allende]]
*[[Rosa Luxemburg]]
*[[Clement Attlee]]
*[[Michelle Bachelet]]
*[[Tony Benn]]
*[[Rómulo Betancourt]]
*[[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]]
*[[Léon Blum]]
*[[Leonel Brizola]]
*[[Hugo Chávez]]
*[[Eugene V. Debs]]
*[[John Dewey]]
*[[Tommy Douglas]]
*[[Jean Jaurès]]
*[[Helen Keller]]
*[[Naomi Klein]]{{citation needed|date=December 2012}}
*[[Ken Livingstone]]
*[[Michael Manley]]
*[[Jan Marijnissen]]
*[[José Mujica]]
*[[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
*[[George Orwell]]
*[[Olof Palme]]
*[[Emile Roemer]]
*[[Bertrand Russell]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Bertrand Russell: A Political Life|author=Alan Ryan|publisher=Macmillan|year=1981|ISBN=9780374528201|page=87|quote=None the less Russell joined the ILP <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[Independent Labour Party]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> and declared himself a democratic socialist, then and thereafter.}}</ref>
*[[Bernie Sanders]]
*[[Norman Thomas]]
*[[Ronald van Raak]]
*[[Cornel West]]
*[[Howard Zinn]]
*[[Rafael Correa]]
*[[Aneurin Bevan]]
*[[Daniel De Leon]]

==See also==
*<<link:0>>
*[[List of democratic socialist parties and organizations]]
*[[Libertarian socialism]]
*[[Liberal socialism]]
*[[Luxemburgism]]
*[[Participatory democracy]]
*[[Revolutionary socialism]]
*[[Sewer Socialism]]
*[[Social democracy]]
*[[Socialism of the 21st century]]
*[[Soviet democracy]]
*[[Third camp]]
*[[Workers' council]]
*[[Yellow socialism]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=35em}}

==Bibliography==
* Donald F. Busky, ''Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey'' Greenwood Publishing, 2000 ISBN 0-275-96886-3
* [[Roy Hattersley]] ''Choose Freedom: The Future of Democratic Socialism'', Penguin, 1987 ISBN 0-14-010494-1
* [[Ralph Miliband]] ''Socialism for a Sceptical Age''  Polity Press, London, 1994
* David Reisman, ed, ''Democratic Socialism in Britain: Classic Texts in Economic and Political Thought, 1825–1952'' Chatto and Pickering, 1996 ISBN 978-1-85196-285-3. (Includes texts by [[William Morris]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[GDH Cole]], [[Richard Crossman]] and [[Aneurin Bevan]].)
* [[Norman Thomas]] ''Democratic Socialism: a new appraisal'', [[League for Industrial Democracy]], 1953
* Jim Tomlinson ''Democratic Socialism and Economic Policy: The Attlee Years, 1945-1951'' Cambridge University Press, 1997 ISBN 0-521-55095-5

==External links==
*[http://OpenDemocratic.org OpenDemocratic - Open platform for participatory democratic management of political parties]
* [http://www.ydsusa.org/toward_ds.html Joseph Schwartz and Jason Schulman ''Towards Freedom: The Theory and Practice of Democratic Socialism'']{{Dead link|date=July 2012}}
* [http://www.kamat.com/database/content/democratic_socialism/ Democratic Socialism in India]
* [http://www.zcommunications.org/newinternational.htm Proposal for a Participatory Socialist International]
* [http://democraticsocialism.net/Home.html The Journal of Democratic Socialism]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Democratic Socialism}}
[[Category:Socialism]]
[[Category:Social democracy]]
[[Category:Democratic socialism| ]]
[[Category:Anti-capitalism]]
[[Category:Economic ideologies]]
[[Category:Political culture]]

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