Dab solver - James Orton

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{{Infobox scientist
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James Orton (21 April 1830, [[Seneca Falls, New York]] – 25 September 1877, [[Lake Titicaca]], [[Peru]]) was an [[United States|American]] [[naturalist]] who contributed much to the knowledge of [[South America]] and the [[Amazon basin]].{{sfn|Wilson|Fiske|1900}}

== Biography ==

He was the son of [[Presbyterian]] clergyman and theologian [[Azariah Giles Orton]]. Four of his seven brothers died in infancy, and the family's financial resources were very meager.  Early in life he developed an interest in natural history and writing.^ref Financial difficulties and poor health delayed his matriculation at [[Williams College]],^ref where he graduated in 1855. In 1858, he graduated from [[Andover Theological Seminary]]. After spending some time in travel in Europe and the East, he was ordained pastor of the [[Congregational Church]] in [[Greene, New York]], on 11 July 1860. In 1861 he accepted a charge in [[Thomaston, Maine]], where he remained until 1864, when he became pastor in . He was appointed instructor in natural sciences in the [[University of Rochester]] in 1866, and in 1869 was appointed professor of natural history at [[Vassar College]], which position he held until his death.{{sfn|Wilson|Fiske|1900}}

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{{Infobox scientist
 | image = James Orton.jpg
}}
'''James Orton''' (21 April 1830, [[Seneca Falls, New York]] – 25 September 1877, [[Lake Titicaca]], [[Peru]]) was an [[United States|American]] [[naturalist]] who contributed much to the knowledge of [[South America]] and the [[Amazon basin]].{{sfn|Wilson|Fiske|1900}}

==Biography==
He was the son of [[Presbyterian]] clergyman and theologian [[Azariah Giles Orton]]. Four of his seven brothers died in infancy, and the family's financial resources were very meager.  Early in life he developed an interest in natural history and writing.<ref name=dab>{{Cite DAB|title=Orton, James|author=Aaron L. Treadwell|year=1934}}</ref> Financial difficulties and poor health delayed his matriculation at [[Williams College]],<ref name=dab/> where he graduated in 1855. In 1858, he graduated from [[Andover Theological Seminary]]. After spending some time in travel in Europe and the East, he was ordained pastor of the [[Congregational Church]] in [[Greene, New York]], on 11 July 1860. In 1861 he accepted a charge in [[Thomaston, Maine]], where he remained until 1864, when he became pastor in <<link:0>>. He was appointed instructor in natural sciences in the [[University of Rochester]] in 1866, and in 1869 was appointed professor of natural history at [[Vassar College]], which position he held until his death.{{sfn|Wilson|Fiske|1900}}

In 1867 he visited South America at the head of an expedition of students that were sent out under the auspices of Williams College. On this occasion, he crossed the continent by way of [[Quito]], the [[Napo River]], and the [[Amazon River|Amazon]], discovering the first fossils that were found in the valley of the latter river. He made a second journey in 1873, and crossed from [[Pará]], by way of the Amazon, to [[Lima]] and Lake Titicaca. In 1876 he undertook the exploration of the [[Beni River]], which carries the waters of eastern [[Bolivia]] to the Amazon by way of the [[Madeira River]], and he died on this journey during the passage of Lake Titicaca, on his way to [[Puno]].{{sfn|Wilson|Fiske|1900}}

Orton was regarded as the best authority on the subject of the geology and physical geography of the west coast of South America and the Amazon valley. No one since the time of [[Alexander von Humboldt]] had contributed so much to the exact knowledge of that country. He was a member of scientific societies in the United States and in Europe, whose transactions he enriched with papers on the natural history of South America.{{sfn|Wilson|Fiske|1900}}

==Works==
His works include:{{sfn|Wilson|Fiske|1900}}
* ''Miners' Guide and Metallurgists' Directory'' (New York, 1849)
* ''The Proverbalist and the Poet'' (Philadelphia, 1852)
* [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/33483828 ''The Andes and the Amazon''] (New York, 1870; 3rd ed. 1876)
* ''Underground Treasures: How and Where to find Them'' (Hartford, 1872)
* ''Liberal Education of Women'' (New York, 1873)
* ''Comparative Zoology'' (1875)

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{Appletons|wstitle=Orton, Azariah Giles|year=1900|vb=1}}

==External links==
* {{Cite Americana|Orton, James}}
* {{Cite NIE|Orton, James|year=1905}}
* {{Cite web|url=http://vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu/faculty/prominent-faculty/james-h-orton.html|title=James H. Orton|work=Vassar College Encyclopedia|year=2007|accessdate=4 December 2012}}
* {{Cite journal|journal=Bulletin of the Pan-American Union|title=An Early American Explorer|author=Edward Albes|volume=39|issue=1|date=July 1914|pages=1–13|url=http://archive.org/stream/bulletinofpaname3914pana#page/n71/mode/2up}}

{{Persondata
| NAME              = Orton, James
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH     = 21 April 1830
| PLACE OF BIRTH    =
| DATE OF DEATH     = 25 September 1877
| PLACE OF DEATH    =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Orton, James}}
[[Category:1830 births]]
[[Category:1877 deaths]]
[[Category:American naturalists]]
[[Category:Williams College alumni]]
[[Category:Vassar College faculty]]
[[Category:American Congregationalist clergy]]

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Dab solver - James Orton

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