Dab solver - List of rulers of Illyria

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* [[Monunius II of Dardania]]: repelled the Bastarnae Invasion of Dardania in 175 BC.^ref

== Taulantian Kingdom ==

[[File:Balajos.jpg|240px|thumbnail|Ballaios, 167-135 BC.]]
* [[Galaurus]]: unsuccessfully invaded Macedonia between 678–640 BC.^ref

* [[Grabus]]: laid siege to Epidamnos in 437 BC in alliance with Athens and Corcyra.^ref

* [[Glaucias of Taulanti|Glaucias]]: mentioned as a Taulantii king in 335 BC who aided Cleitus at the Battle of Pelion.^ref

== Paeonia kingdom ==

* See: [[List of Paeonian kings]]

== Other rulers ==

=== Autariatae ===
* [[Pleurias]]: campaigned against Macedonia during 337/5 BC; one of the last Autariatae kings.^ref

=== Histria ===

* [[Epulon]]: thwarted Roman advances in the Istrian peninsula until his death in 177 BC.^ref

=== Dalmatia ===

* [[Verzi]]: took the city of Promona from the [[Liburni]] in order to ambush Octavian in 34 BC.^ref

* [[Testimos]]: defeated by the Romans in 33 BC; Dalmatia incorporated into Roman Republic.^ref

=== Messapia ===

* [[Opis]]: attacked by Taras in 460 BC at Hyria, in which he died.^ref

* : supplied the Athenians with one hundred and fifty javelin-throwers in 413 BC for the war against [[Syracuse, Sicily|]].^ref

=== Breucia ===

* [[Bato II]]: surrendered to Tiberius in 8 AD on the bank of the Bosna river.^ref

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This is a '''list of rulers of [[Illyria]]''', a geographical region of the western Balkans in classical antiquity. In the archaic period most parts of the region were ruled by loosely related tribes that often were part of larger tribal conglomerations like the [[Dalmatae]]. In the late 5th and the early 4th century BC, the first proto-kingdoms of the area would be created as exemplified by [[Bardyllis]]'s [[Dardanians (Balkans)|Dardanian]] kingdom. In the course of the 4th century parts of the southernmost and easternmost regions of Illyria fell under the [[Kingdom of Macedon]]. The most powerful state of the area, the [[Ardiaean]] kingdom, emerged in the 2nd century BC during the rule of [[Agron (king)|Agron]] and [[Teuta]]. It was defeated and conquered by the [[Roman Republic]], which maintained a system of direct rule and client states before the final incorporation of the area to the Roman state after the [[Illyrian Wars|Third Illyrian War]].

== Mythological ==
[[File:Polyphemus Eleusis 2630.jpg|280px|thumb|Depiction of Polyphemus, father of Illyrius on a proto-Attic amphora, c.&nbsp;660 BC, museum of [[Eleusis]])]]

* [[Lycotherses]]: king of Illyria and husband of Agave from Thebes.<ref name="academia.edu">http://www.academia.edu/489633/Cadmus_and_Harmonia_in_Illyria</ref>

* [[Cadmus]]: helped the Enchelae against the other Illyrians around Lyncestia.<ref>The Dictionary of Classical Mythology by Pierre Grimal and A. R. Maxwell-Hyslop, ISBN 0-631-20102-5, 1996, p. 230, "Illyrius (Ιλλυριός) The youngest son of Cadmus and Harmonia. He was born during their expedition against the Illyrians..."</ref>

* [[Harmonia (mythology)|Harmonia]]: consort of the [[Phoenicia]]n Cadmus; later turned into a serpent with her husband by Zeus.<ref>Grimal & Maxwell-Hyslop 1996, p. 230.</ref>

* [[Hyllus]]: according to early 20th-century Albanian nationalist mythology, Hyllus, the son of the Greek demigod Heracles, was claimed to be the earliest "Illyrian" king whom they claim to have supposedly died in 1225 BS.<ref>"Albanian Information- Albanian.com." Albanian.com, home of Albanians Online . Albanian.com, 2003. <http://www.albanian.com/main/history/illyrian.html></ref>

* [[Epidamnus]]: founded and ruled Epidamnos.<ref name="AppianCivil War 2.39">Appian(''Civil War'' 2.39)</ref>

* [[Heracles]]: ruled a share of Dyrrhachus' territory after aiding him in battle.<ref name="AppianCivil War 2.39"/>

* [[Ionius]]: mythological/historical ruler of Issa; son of Dyrrhachus, eponym of the [[Ionian Sea]].<ref name="academia.edu"/>

* [[Pyraechmes]]: leader of the Paeonians in the [[Trojan War]].<ref>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</ref>

* [[Asteropaios]]: second leader of the Trojan-allied Peonians; killed by Achilles.<ref>Homer, Iliad 21.140–160</ref>

* [[Polyphemus]]: one-eyed giant; later version of the Illyrian myth holds him as the father of [[Illyrius]].<ref name="Grimal 1996, p. 168">Grimal & Maxwell-Hyslop 1996, p. 168.</ref>

* [[Galatea (mythology)|Galatea]]: consort of Polyohemus.<ref name="Grimal 1996, p. 168"/>

* [[Illyrius]]: ruled [[Illyria]] and became the eponymous ancestor of the Illyrians; son of Cadmus or Polyphemus.<ref>{{harvnb|Grimal|Maxwell-Hyslop|1996|p=230}}</ref> Illyrius had six sons and three daughters whose names were associated with specific tribes:

===Sons===
*Encheleus (Εγχελαίος) of the Enchelae
*Autarieus (Αυταριαίος) of the Autariatae
*Dardanus (Δάρδανος) of the Dardani
*Maedus (Μαίδος) of the Maedes
*Taulas (Ταύλας) of the Taulantii
*Perrhaebus (Περραιβός) of the Perrhaebi

===Daughters===
*Partho (Πάρθω) of the Partheni
*Daortho (Δαορθώ) of the Daors
*Dassaro (Δασσαρώ) of the Dassaretae

===Grandsons===
*Pannonius or Paeon (son of Autarieus) of the Pannonians or Paeonians

===Greatgrandsons===
*Scordiscus (son of Pannonius) of the Scordisci
*Triballus (son of Pannonius) of the Triballi

== Illyrian Kingdom ==
Illyrian rulers wore bronze [[torq]]ues around their necks.<ref>The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 223, "</ref>

* [[Sirras]]: challenged Macedonia in 423 BC over the Lyncestian case.<ref>The Illyrians to the Albanians - Neritan Ceka - 2005</ref>

* [[Bardyllis]]: Macedonian campaigns proved successful in 393, 372 and 359 BC; subjugated [[Epirus]] in alliance with [[Dionysius I of Syracuse|Dionysius of Syracuse]].<ref name="Harding, Philip 1985, p. 93">Harding, Philip. From the End of the Peloponnesian War to the Battle of Ipsus, 1985, p. 93, ISBN 0-521-29949-7. Grabos became the most powerful Illyrian king after the death of Bardylis in 358.</ref> 
 
* [[Grabos]]: enters Athenian alliance to resist Philips power in 356 BC.<ref>"Grabus was a dynastic name from the royal house of [[Grabaei]]." ''Studies concerning Epirus and Macedonia before Alexander'' by [[Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond]], p. 107. Grabus was "a descendant no doubt the  of King Grabus, whith{{sic|?}} whom Athens entered into alliance in 430 B.C."</ref>

* [[Pleuratus I]]: in a losing effort in 344 BC, tried to thwart Philip's advances in Illyria.<ref name="J. Wilkes 1992, pages 121, 156">The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 121, 156, 167, 170-174, 190</ref>

* [[Cleitus the Illyrian|Cleitus]]: mastermind behind the  Illyrian Revolt of 335 BC against [[Alexander the Great]].<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=iOWS4i5X9fgC&lpg=PA120&dq=Cleitus%20bardylis&as_brr=3&pg=PA120#v=onepage&q=Cleitus%20bardylis&f=false Wilkes 1995, page 120]</ref>

* [[Glaucias of Taulanti|Glaucias]]: gained control of [[Epidamnus]] in 312 BC and forced the Macedonians from the Illyrian coast.<ref>The Campaigns of Alexander (Penguin Classics) by Arrian, J. R. Hamilton, and Aubrey De Selincourt, 1976, p. 49: "... and had been joined by Glaucias, the prince of the Taulantians,</ref>

* [[Bardyllis II]]:  managed in 290 BC to re-create the state of his grandfather in the region of Dassaretia to the west of the Lyncestian lakes.<ref>(Plut. Pyrrh. 9.)</ref>

* [[Monunius I of Dardania]]: reigned during the Gallic invasions of 279 BC.<ref name="J. Wilkes 1992, p. 129">The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 129, "No Illyrian production of coins is known before King Monunius struck his coins at Dyrrhachium (see figure 11), followed by Mytilus around ten years later..."</ref>

* [[Etuta]]: daughter of Monunius, 3rd century BC.<ref>The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, page 85, "...Longarus, Bato and Monunius, whose daughter Etuta was married to the Illyrian king Gentius, are all Illyrian.</ref>

* [[Mytilus of Illyria|Mytilus]]: waged war on Epirus in 270 BC.<ref name="J. Wilkes 1992, p. 129"/>

===Ardiaean dynasty===
* [[Pleuratus II]]: reigned in a time of peace and prosperity for the Illyrian kingdom.<ref>Fanula Papazoglu, Les origines.... p.143</ref>
* [[Agron of Illyria|Agron]]: in 231 BC, possessed the most powerful land army and navy, of any of the kings who had reigned before him; extended the kingdoms borders in the north and south.<ref>Studies concerning Epirus and Macedonia before Alexander by Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière Hammond, page 105, 250 died c. 230</ref>
* [[Teuta of Illyria|Teuta]]: forced to come to terms with the [[Roman Republic|Romans]] in 227 BC.<ref>Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, p. 120, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 158, "Illyrian success continued when command passed to Agron's widow Teuta, who granted individual ships a licence to universal plunder. In 231 AC the fleet and army attacked Ells and Messenia..."</ref>
* [[Demetrius of Pharos]]: surrenders to the Romans at [[Hvar|Pharos]] in 218 BC and flees to Macedonia.<ref>A History of Rome to A.D. 565 - p. 111 by Arthur Edward Romilly Boak, William Gurnee Sinnigen,"The island of Pharos and some adjacent territory in Illyria were given to a Greek adventurer, Demetrius of Pharos"</ref>
* [[Scerdilaidas]]: allied with Rome to defeat Macedonia in 208 BC.<ref>Épire, Illyrie, Macédoine: mélanges offerts au professeur Pierre Cabanes by Danièle Berranger, Pierre Cabanes, Danièle Berranger-Auserve, page 137</ref>
* [[Pinnes]]: too young to become king; ruled under the regency of Teuta,Demetrius and Scerdilaidas.<ref>Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 162, "...revival of Illyrian power under Demetrius of Pharos, who had succeeded Teuta and married Triteuta, mother of the infant King Pinnes."</ref>
* [[Pleuratus III]]: rewarded by the Romans in 196 BC, with lands annexed by the Macedonians.<ref>The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, pages 121, 156, 167, 170-174, 190</ref>
* [[Gentius]]: defeated by the Romans in 168 BC during the Third Illyrian War; Illyrian kingdom ceased to exist while the king was taken prisoner.<ref>Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 221, "Ardiaei from which intoxicated men were conveyed home by their women who had also participated to the overindulgence of their kings Agron and Gentius..."</ref>

==Dardanian Kingdom==
* [[Longarus]]: invaded northern borders of the Illyrian kingdom in 229 BC while Teuta was dealing with campaigns in Epirus.<ref>The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 86, "...including the names of Dardanian rulers, Longarus, Bato, Monunius and Etuta, and those on later epitaphs, Epicadus, Scerviaedus, Tuta, Times and Cinna. Other Dardanian names are linked with..."</ref>

* [[Bato of Dardania]]: clashed with Macedonia in 199 BC, in order to liberate [[Paeonia (kingdom)|Paeonia]].<ref name="J. Wilkes 1992, p. 85">The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 85, "The recorded names of Dardanian leader during the Macedonian and the Roman wars, Longarus, Bato..."</ref>

* [[Monunius II of Dardania]]: repelled the Bastarnae Invasion of Dardania in 175 BC.<ref>Polybius 23.10</ref>

==Taulantian Kingdom==
[[File:Balajos.jpg|240px|thumbnail|Ballaios, 167-135 BC.]]
* [[Galaurus]]: unsuccessfully invaded Macedonia between 678–640 BC.<ref>Μιμαλλόνες "imitators of men" Etym. Mag. (587.53) see Hesychius "mimelazein. mimeisthai" "mimelon. homoion"</ref>

* [[Grabus]]: laid siege to Epidamnos in 437 BC in alliance with Athens and Corcyra.<ref>The Cambridge ancient history: The fourth century B.C. Volume 6 of The Cambridge ancient history, Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards, ISBN 0-521-85073-8, ISBN 978-0-521-85073-5 Authors D. M. Lewis, John Boardman Editors D. M. Lewis, John Boardman Edition 2, illustrated, revised Publisher Cambridge University Press, 1994 ISBN 0-521-23348-8, ISBN 978-0-521-23348-4 Length 1097 pages p. 438</ref>

* [[Glaucias of Taulanti|Glaucias]]: mentioned as a Taulantii king in 335 BC who aided Cleitus at the Battle of Pelion.<ref>Neritan Ceka: Illlyrian to the Albanians, 2005, Migjeni</ref>

==Paeonia kingdom==
* See: [[List of Paeonian kings]]

==Other rulers==

===Autariatae===
* [[Pleurias]]: campaigned against Macedonia during 337/5 BC; one of the last Autariatae kings.<ref>(Hamond, Kingdoms in Illyria)</ref>

===Histria===
* [[Epulon]]: thwarted Roman advances in the Istrian peninsula until his death in 177 BC.<ref>Livy 41.11</ref>

===Dalmatia===
* [[Verzi]]: took the city of Promona from the [[Liburni]] in order to ambush Octavian in 34 BC.<ref>[[Aleksandar Stipčević]]: ''Iliri: povijest, život, kultura'', p. 67.</ref>

* [[Testimos]]: defeated by the Romans in 33 BC; Dalmatia incorporated into Roman Republic.<ref>[[Aleksandar Stipčević]]: ''Iliri: povijest, život, kultura''.</ref>

===Messapia===
* [[Opis]]: attacked by Taras in 460 BC at Hyria, in which he died.<ref>Pausanias (10.10.6.)</ref>

* <<link:0>>: supplied the Athenians with one hundred and fifty javelin-throwers in 413 BC for the war against [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]].<ref>The emergence of state identities in Italy in the first millennium BC, pg.51</ref>

===Breucia===
* [[Bato II]]: surrendered to Tiberius in 8 AD on the bank of the Bosna river.<ref>D. Dzino, Illyricum in Roman Politics 229 BC - AD 68 (Cambridge 2010), pp. 149–153.</ref>

===Pannonia===
* [[Pinnes of Pannonia]]: led Pannonians in the Great Illyrian Revolt from 6 AD.<ref>The Cambridge Ancient History, Vol. 10: The Augustan Empire, 43 BC-AD 69 (Volume 10) by Alan Bowman, Edward Champlin, and Andrew Lintott,1996,page 176: "... Daesitiates was soon matched by rebellion of the Breuci in Pannonia, headed by Pinnes and another Bato. ..."</ref>

===Daesiatia===
* [[Bato I]]:  defeated by the Romans in 9 AD during the [[Great Illyrian Revolt]]; end of final Illyrian resistance to Roman occupation.<ref>Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, p. 216, "Further east the formidable Daesitiates of central Bosnia retained their name. The great rebellion of All 6 had been led by their chief Bato, and their relatively low total of 103 decuriae likely reflects..."</ref>

===Others===
* [[Ionios]]: ruled over Issa and the surrounding region in the first half of the 4th century BC, probably after the fall of [[Dionysius I of Syracuse|Dionysius of Syracuse]] in 367 BC.<ref>http://books.google.ie/books?id=N1647OyYAqMC&pg=PA25&dq=ionios+issa&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jeHUULeGCIPQhAeL1IDABQ&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=ionios%20issa&f=false</ref>

* [[Caeria]]: engaged in battle with Macedonia in 344/343 BC.<ref>Who's who in the age of Alexander the Great: prosopography of Alexander's empire By Waldemar Heckel</ref>

* [[Ballaios]]: ruled over the city of [[Rhizon]] and surrounding areas after Roman occupation, until 135 BC.<ref>Épire, Illyrie, Macédoine: mélanges offerts au professeur Pierre Cabanes by Danièle Berranger, Pierre Cabanes,Danièle Berranger-Auserve, page 145</ref>

==Foreign rulers==

===Greek===
* [[Philip II of Macedon]]: conquered Lyncestia and annexed Macedonian lands in 358 and 344 BC.
* [[Alexander the Great]]: retained Phillip's acquisitions and suppressed Illyrian Revolt of 335 BC.
* [[Cassander]]: conquered Greek colonies in 314 BC and parts of Illyrian coast.
* [[Antigonus I Monophthalmus]]: ruled parts of southern and eastern Illyria.
* [[Demetrius I Poliorcetes]]: ruled parts of southern and eastern Illyria.
* [[Antigonus II Gonatas]]: ruled parts of southern and eastern Illyria.
* [[Demetrius II Aetolicus]]: ruled parts of southern and eastern Illyria.
* [[Antigonus III Doson]]: ruled parts of southern and eastern Illyria.
* [[Philip V of Macedon]]: ruled parts of southern and eastern Illyria.
* [[Perseus of Macedon]]: ruled parts of southern and eastern Illyria.

* [[Pyrrhus of Epirus|Pyrrhus]]: extended his kingdom to southern Illyria in the time of Monunius.
* [[Alexander II of Epirus|Alexander II]]: extended his kingdom to southern Illyria in the time of Mitylus.

==See also==
*[[List of ancient tribes in Illyria]]
*[[List of ancient Cities in Illyria]]
*[[Illyrians]]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Rulers Of Illyria}}
[[Category:Illyria]]
[[Category:Lists of people by ancestry|Illyrians, List of]]

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