Dab solver - Nawab

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The style for a nawbab's queen is Begum. Most of the nawbab dynasties were male [[primogeniture]]s, although several ruling [[Begum of Bhopal|Begums of Bhopal]] and Ruchka Begum of TikaitGanj, near Lucknow were a notable exception.

Before the incorporation of the [[...|Subcontinent]] into the [[British Empire]], nawabs ruled the kingdoms of [[Awadh]] (or Oudh, encouraged by the British to shed the Mughal suzereignty and assume the imperial style of [[Badshah]]), [[Bengal]], [[Arcot]] and [[Bhopal]].

== Ruling Nawabs ==

{{col-begin}} {{col-1-of-2}}

Families ruling when acceding to India
*[[Nawab Babi]] of [[Balasinor]]
*the former [[Nawbabs of Arcot]] Carnatic, restyled Princes of Arcot
*[[Nawab of Banganapalle]], previously [[Nawab of Masulipatam|Masulipatam]]
*Nawab of [[Baoni]]
*[[Nawab of Bhopal]] (female rulers were known as Nawab Begum of Bhopal)
*[[Nawab of Cambay]] (Kambay)
*Nawab of [[Dujana]]
*[[Nawab of Farrukhabad]]
*[[Nawab of Jaora]]
*[[Nawab Sahib]] of [[Junagadh]]
*[[Nawab of Kurwai]]
*Nawab of [[Maler Kotla]]
*Nawab of Basai [[Nawab Khwaja Muhammad Khan]]
*Nawab of Maler Kotla

{{col-2-of-2}}
&nbsp;
* Nawab of 
* Nawab of [[Muhammadgar]]
* Nawab Sahib of [[Palanpur]]
* [[Nawab of Pataudi]]
* Nawab of [[Pathari]]
* [[Nawab of Radhanpur]]
* Nawab of [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|]]
* [[Nawab of Sachin]]
* [[Nawab of Ashwath]]
* [[Nawab of Savanur]]
* [[Nawab of Tonk]], India
* [[Nawab of Rajoli]], India
{{col-end}}

{{col-begin}} {{col-1-of-2}}

Families ruling when acceding to Pakistan (including present Bangladesh)
*[[Nawab of Karnal]] (Mandal-e-Nausherwani)
*[[Nawab of Sarhad]] Nawab Gulmaizar khan.
*[[Nawab of Dir]] (princely state)|Dir]]
*[[Nawab of Makran]]
*[[Nawab of Amb]]
*[[Nawab of Bahawalpur]]
*[[Nawab of Kharan]]
*[[Nawab Sahib]] of [[Junagadh]]
*[[Nawab of Malerkotla]]
*[[Nawab of Chandka state]]
*[[Nawab of Beka]] Nawbab Ali Tariq

{{col-2-of-2}}

Former dynasties which became political pensioners
*[[Padshah-i-Oudh]], formerly [[Nawab of Awadh|Nawab Wazir]] of [[Awadh]],
::also imperial [[Vizier|Wazir]] of all Mughal India, both hereditary
*[[Nawabs of Bengal]], as Nawabs of [[Murshidabad]]
*[[Nawab of Surat]]
*[[Nawab of Marauli]]
*[[Nawab of Patna]]

{{col-end}}
7 lines hidden (1234 characters)
=== Nawbab as a court rank ===

At the court of Persia's [[Shahanshah]]s of the imperial [[Qajar dynasty]], precedence for non-members of the dynasty was organised in eight protocollary classes, generally coupled to various offices and qualities; the highest of these, styled nawbab, was usually reserved for minor princes, while the six next classes ([[Shakhs-i-Awwal]], [[Janab]], [[Amir]] or [[Khan (title)|]], [['Ali Jah Muqarrab]], [['Ali Jah]], 'Ali Sha'an) were awarded to various ministers, officers, commanders, Muslim clergy and so on, the eight and lowest, [['Ali Qadir]], even to guild masters and the like.
[[Image:Saadat Ali Khan I.jpg|right|thumb|upright=0.70|A powerful [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Nawbab of Oudh]].]]

Nawbab was also the rank title&mdash;again not an office&mdash;of a much lower class of [[Muslim]] nobles&mdash;in fact retainers&mdash;at the court of the Nizam of [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]] and [[Berar Province|Berar]] State, ranking only above [[Khan (title)|Khan bahadur]] and Khan, but under (in ascending order) , [[Daula]], [[Mulk]], [[Umara]] and [[Jah]]; the equivalent for Hindu courtiers was [[Raja Bahadur]].

== Derived titles ==

[[File:The Navab's arrival before Clive's position.jpg|left|thumb|The [[Nawab of Bengal]] [[Mir Qasim]].]]
13 lines hidden (1925 characters)
=== Naybob ===

A corrupted form of the English Nabob, which in itself is a corruption of the Bangladeshi Nawbab. Noun representing a person who has a negative disposition or one who tends to disagree with everything. Example of usage "Of course you can do it, just ignore the naybobs".{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}

=== Naib ===

The word [[Naib]] ({{lang-ar|نائب}}) has been historically used to refer to any local leader in some parts of [[Ottoman Empire]] and eastern [[Caucasus]] (e.g. during [[Caucasian Imamate]]).

Today, the word is used to refer to directly-elected legislators in lower houses of parliament in many Arabic-speaking areas in order to contrast them against officers of upper houses (or [[Shura]]). The term  ({{lang-ar|مجلس النواب}}, literally council of deputies) has been adopted as the name of several legislative lower houses and unicameral legislatures.

== Gallery ==

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{{About|a nobiliary title| the Nawab butterfly|Polyura}}
{{redirect|Naib}}
{{redirect|Nawab Begum|knowledge about who a Begum is|Begum}}
{{More footnotes|date=September 2010}}

{{Infobox
| image     = [[File:Princely Hat.svg|120px|Coronet of an earl]]
| title     = [[Royal and noble ranks|Indo-Persian Royal and Noble Ranks]]
| bodystyle = width: auto
| data1     = [[Emperor]] : [[Sultan]], [[Shah]] <hr />
| data2     = [[King]] : [[Sultan]], [[Shah]] <hr />
| data3     = [[Prince|Royal Prince]] : [[Shah#Shahzade|Shahzada]], [[Mirza]]
| data4     = [[Prince|Noble Prince]] : [[Mirza]], [[Sahibzada]]
| data5     = [[Nobleman]]: Nawab, [[Baig]]
| below     = {{navbar|Royal and noble ranks}}
}}
[[Image:Clive.jpg|right|thumb|upright=0.90|[[Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive]], meeting with Nawab [[Mir Jafar]] after [[Battle of Plassey]], by Francis Hayman.]]

A '''Navvab''' or '''Nawaab''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|'''نوّاب'''}}}}), is an honorific title ratified and bestowed by the reigning [[Mughal Emperor]] to semi-autonomous [[Muslim]] rulers of [[princely states]] in [[South Asia]]. "Nawab" usually refers to males; the female equivalent is "[[Begum]]" or "Nawab Begum". The primary duties of a Nawab was to uphold the sovereignty of the Mughal Emperor alongside with the administration of a certain province.

The title of "Nawab" was also awarded as a personal distinction by the paramount power, similar to a [[British peerage]], to persons and families who never ruled a princely state, for various services to the Government of [[British India]]. In some cases, these titles were also accompanied by [[jagir]] grants, either in cash revenues and allowances or land-holdings. In the British Punjab, North West Frontier Province, Sindh and Balochistan, some of the chiefs or [[Sardar]]s of large or important tribes were also given the title, in addition to traditional titles already held by virtue of chieftainship.

The term "Nawab" was originally used for the ''[[Subahdar]]'' (provincial governor) or viceroy of a ''[[Subah (province)|Subah]]'' (province) or region of the [[Mughal empire]].

==History==
[[File:Sadeq Mohammad Khan.jpg|left|thumb|Nawab [[General]] [[Sir]] [[Sadeq Mohammad Khan V]], the last ruling Nawab of  [[Bahawalpur]]]]
{{j|The term is}} [[Urdu language|Urdu]], borrowed via [[Persian language|Persian]] from the [[Arabic language|Arabic]] being the honorific plural of ''naib'' i.e. 'deputy'. In some areas, especially [[Bengal]], the  term is pronounced ''Nobab''. This later variation has entered the English and other foreign languages, see below.

The title Nawbab or Nawaab is basically derived from the Arab word Naib which means "deputy." Muslim rulers preferred this as then they could be referred to as the deputies of God on earth and hence not infringing on God's title, i.e., Lord and master of this earth. The title is specifically founded by [[Twelver]] Shia Muslim rulers from the word Naib - E - Imaam (which means Deputy or representative of the Living Imaam [[Muhammad al-Mahdi]]).
[[File:The procession of Yusef Ali Khan.jpg|right|thumb|''The Procession of [[Yusef Ali Khan]]''. A painting depicting Yusef Khan on his way to an encampment for the [[durbar (court)|durbar]] held at [[Fatehgarh]], in 1859.]]

The term "nawbab" is often used to refer to any Muslim ruler in north or south India while the term "[[Nizam]]" is preferred for a senior official—it literally means "governor of region". The Nizam of Hyderabad had several Nawabs under him: Nawabs of Cuddapah, Sira, Rajahmundry, Kurnool, Chicacole, et al. "Nizam" was his personal title, awarded by the Mughal Government and based on the term "Nazim" as meaning "senior officer". "Nazim" is still used for a district collector in many parts of India. The term "nawab" is still technically imprecise, as the title was also awarded to Hindus and [[Sikh]]s, as well, and large Zamindars and not necessarily to all Muslim rulers. With the decline of that empire, the title, and the powers that went with it, became hereditary in the ruling families in the various provinces.

Under later British rule, nawbabs continued to rule various [[princely states]] of [[Awadh]], [[Amb (princely state)|Amb]], [[Bahawalpur]], [[Baoni]], [[Banganapalle]], [[Bhopal]], [[Cambay]],  [[Jaora]], [[Junagadh]], [[Kurnool]], [[Kurwai]], [[Mamdot]], [[Multan]], [[Palanpur]], [[Pataudi]], [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]], [[Malerkotla]], [[Sachin, Gujarat|Sachin]], [[Rajoli]] and [[Tonk (princely state)|Tonk]]. Other former rulers bearing the title, such as the nawabs of [[Bengal]] and [[Oudh]], had been dispossessed by the British or others by the time the Mughal dynasty finally ended in 1857. The title of the ruler of Palanpur was "Diwan" and not "Nawab".

The style for a nawbab's queen is ''Begum''. Most of the nawbab dynasties were male [[primogeniture]]s, although several ruling [[Begum of Bhopal|Begums of Bhopal]] and Ruchka Begum of TikaitGanj, near Lucknow were a notable exception.

Before the incorporation of the [[Indian_subcontinent#The_Subcontinent|Subcontinent]] into the [[British Empire]], nawabs ruled the kingdoms of [[Awadh]] (or Oudh, encouraged by the British to shed the Mughal suzereignty and assume the imperial style of [[Badshah]]), [[Bengal]], [[Arcot]] and [[Bhopal]].

==Ruling Nawabs==
{{col-begin}} {{col-1-of-2}}

'''Families ruling when acceding to India'''
*[[Nawab Babi]] of [[Balasinor]]
*the former [[Nawbabs of Arcot]] Carnatic, restyled Princes of Arcot
*[[Nawab of Banganapalle]], previously [[Nawab of Masulipatam|Masulipatam]]
*Nawab of [[Baoni]]
*[[Nawab of Bhopal]] (female rulers were known as Nawab Begum of Bhopal)
*[[Nawab of Cambay]] (Kambay)
*Nawab of [[Dujana]]
*[[Nawab of Farrukhabad]]
*[[Nawab of Jaora]]
*[[Nawab Sahib]] of [[Junagadh]]
*[[Nawab of Kurwai]]
*Nawab of [[Maler Kotla]]
*Nawab of Basai [[Nawab Khwaja Muhammad Khan]]
*Nawab of Maler Kotla

{{col-2-of-2}}
&nbsp;
* Nawab of <<link:0>>
* Nawab of [[Muhammadgar]]
* Nawab Sahib of [[Palanpur]]
* [[Nawab of Pataudi]]
* Nawab of [[Pathari]]
* [[Nawab of Radhanpur]]
* Nawab of [[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]]
* [[Nawab of Sachin]]
* [[Nawab of Ashwath]]
* [[Nawab of Savanur]]
* [[Nawab of Tonk]], India
* [[Nawab of Rajoli]], India
{{col-end}}

'''Families ruling when acceding to Pakistan (including present Bangladesh)'''
*[[Nawab of Karnal]] (Mandal-e-Nausherwani)
*[[Nawab of Sarhad]] Nawab Gulmaizar khan.
*[[Nawab of Dir]] (princely state)|Dir]]
*[[Nawab of Makran]]
*[[Nawab of Amb]]
*[[Nawab of Bahawalpur]]
*[[Nawab of Kharan]]
*[[Nawab Sahib]] of [[Junagadh]]
*[[Nawab of Malerkotla]]
*[[Nawab of Chandka state]]
*[[Nawab of Beka]] Nawbab Ali Tariq

'''Former dynasties which became political pensioners'''
*[[Padshah-i-Oudh]], formerly [[Nawab of Awadh|Nawab Wazir]] of [[Awadh]],
::also imperial [[Vizier|Wazir]] of all Mughal India, both hereditary
*[[Nawabs of Bengal]], as Nawabs of [[Murshidabad]]
*[[Nawab of Surat]]
*[[Nawab of Marauli]]
*[[Nawab of Patna]]

==Miscellaneous Nawbabs==

===Personal Nawbabs===
[[Image:1920, field marshall lord william birdwood and nawbab khan zaman khan, commander in chief india.jpg|right|thumb|upright|Left:[[Field Marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] [[William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood|Sir William Birdwood]], Commander-in-Chief of the [[British Indian Army]], Right: Nawbab Sir Muhammad Khan Zaman Khan of Amb. At [[Darband, Afghanistan|Darband]], [[Amb (princely state)|Amb State]],1925]]
The title ''nawab'' was also awarded as a personal distinction by the paramount power, similarly to a [[British peerage]], to persons and families who never ruled a princely state. For the Muslim elite various Mughal-type titles were introduced, including Nawab. Among the noted British creations of this type were Nawab [[Hashim Ali Khan]] (1858–1940), Nawab [[Khwaja Abdul Ghani]] (1813–1896), Nawbab [[Abdool Luteef]] (1828–1893), Nawab [[Faizunnesa Choudhurani]] (1834–1904), Nawab [[Ali Chowdhury]] (1863–1929), Nawbab [[Syed Shamsul Huda]] (1862–1922) and [[Nawbab Sirajul Islam]] (1848–1923), [[Nawab Alam yar jung Bahadur]], M.A, Madras, B.A., B.C.L., Barr-At-Law (1888–1975). There also were the Nawabs of [[Dhanbari (Tangail)]], Nawbabs of [[Ratanpur (Comilla)]], Nawbabs of [[Baroda]] and such others.

===Nawbab as a court rank===
At the court of Persia's [[Shahanshah]]s of the imperial [[Qajar dynasty]], precedence for non-members of the dynasty was organised in eight protocollary classes, generally coupled to various offices and qualities; the highest of these, styled nawbab, was usually reserved for minor princes, while the six next classes ([[Shakhs-i-Awwal]], [[Janab]], [[Amir]] or [[Khan (title)|Khan]], [['Ali Jah Muqarrab]], [['Ali Jah]], 'Ali Sha'an) were awarded to various ministers, officers, commanders, Muslim clergy and so on, the eight and lowest, [['Ali Qadir]], even to guild masters and the like.
[[Image:Saadat Ali Khan I.jpg|right|thumb|upright=0.70|A powerful [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] [[Nawbab of Oudh]].]]

''Nawbab'' was also the rank title&mdash;again not an office&mdash;of a much lower class of [[Muslim]] nobles&mdash;in fact retainers&mdash;at the court of the Nizam of [[Hyderabad state|Hyderabad]] and [[Berar Province|Berar]] State, ranking only above [[Khan (title)|Khan bahadur]] and Khan, but under (in ascending order) <<link:1>>, [[Daula]], [[Mulk]], [[Umara]] and [[Jah]]; the equivalent for Hindu courtiers was [[Raja Bahadur]].

==Derived titles==
[[File:The Navab's arrival before Clive's position.jpg|left|thumb|The [[Nawab of Bengal]] [[Mir Qasim]].]]

===Nawabzada===

This style, adding the Persian suffix ''-zada'' which means son (or other male descendants; see other cases in [[Prince]]), (etymo)logically fits a Nawbab's sons, but in actual practice various dynasties established other customs.

For example, in [[Bahawalpur (princely state)|Bahawalpur]] only the Nawbab's [[Heir Apparent]] used ''Nawabzada'' before his personal name, then ''Khan Abassi'', finally ''Wali Ahad Bahadur'' (an enhancement of Wali Ehed), while the other sons of the ruling Nawab used the style [[Sahibzada]] before the personal name and only Khan Abassi behind. "Nawabzadi" implies daughters of the reigning nawbab.

Elsewhere, rulers who were not styled nawbab yet awarded a title nawabzada.

===Nabob===
{{Other uses|Nabob (disambiguation)}}
In colloquial usage in [[English language|English]] (since 1612),<ref>[http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nabob?show=0&t=1284641928 Origin of NABOB], Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved September 16, 2010.</ref> adopted in other Western languages, the form nabob refers to commoners: a [[merchant]]-leader of high [[social status]] and [[wealth]]. "Nabob" derives from the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] pronunciation of "nawab": {{lang-bn|নবাব}} ''nôbab''. During the 18th century in particular, it was widely used as a disparaging term for British merchants or administrators who, having made a fortune in India, returned to Britain and aspired to be recognised as having the higher social status that their new wealth would enable them to maintain. [[Vanity_Fair_(novel)#Jos_Sedley|Jos Sedley]] in [[Vanity Fair (novel)|Thackeray's ''Vanity Fair'']] is probably the best known example in fiction. From this specific usage it came to be sometimes used for ostentatiously rich businesspeople in general. It can also be used metaphorically for people who have a grandiose sense of their own importance, as in the famous dismissal of the news media as ''"nattering nabobs of negativism"'' in a speech that was delivered by [[Spiro Agnew]] and written by [[William Safire]].

===Naybob===
A corrupted form of the English Nabob, which in itself is a corruption of the Bangladeshi Nawbab. Noun representing a person who has a negative disposition or one who tends to disagree with everything. Example of usage "Of course you can do it, just ignore the naybobs".{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}

===Naib===
The word ''[[Naib]]'' ({{lang-ar|نائب}}) has been historically used to refer to any local leader in some parts of [[Ottoman Empire]] and eastern [[Caucasus]] (e.g. during [[Caucasian Imamate]]).

Today, the word is used to refer to directly-elected legislators in lower houses of parliament in many Arabic-speaking areas in order to contrast them against officers of upper houses (or [[Shura]]). The term <<link:2>> ({{lang-ar|مجلس النواب}}, literally ''council of deputies'') has been adopted as the name of several legislative lower houses and unicameral legislatures.

==Gallery==
<center>
<gallery caption="Some Nawbabs of Arab" widths="125px" heights="100px" perrow="4">
File:Major-General the Hon. Arthur Wellesley being received in durbar at the Chepauk Palace Madras by Azim al-Daula Nawab of the Carnatic 18th February 1805.jpg|[[Azim-ud-Daula]]
File:Oziashumphrey.jpg|Hyder Beg Khan of [[Awadh]]
Image:CheetahHunt.jpg|Nawabs hunting a [[Blackbuck]] with their [[Asiatic Cheetah]]
File:Javanbakht.jpg|[[Nawab of Awadh]]
File:Cheetahs nawab oudh1844.jpg|Nawabs and [[Cheetah]]s
File:A Nawab of Awadh, Lucknow, India. 19th century.jpg|[[Afsharid]]s and a [[Mughal Empire|Mughal]] Nawab 
File:Stinger Lawrence and Nawab Wallajah.JPG|[[Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah]] the [[Nawab of Carnatic]]
File:Nawab shuja ud daulah.jpg|[[Shuja-ud-Daula]] the [[Nawab of Awadh]]
File:Shujah ud-Daulah and his sons shoberl.jpg|[[Shuja-ud-Daula]] and his sons and relative
File:The Third battle of Panipat 13 January 1761.jpg|Nawabs in battle during the [[Battle of Panipat (1761)]]
File:Death of the Nabob of the Carnatic by Paul Philipoteaux.jpg|[[Nawab of the Carnatic]] in battle
File:A Nawab of Mughal dynasty, India, 17th-18th century.jpg|A Nawab, during the reign of the [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Shah Jahan]] 
File:Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan.jpg|[[Shuja-ud-Din Muhammad Khan]] the [[Nawab of Bengal]].
File:Muhammad Anwaruddin.jpg|[[Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan]] the [[Nawab of the Carnatic]]
</gallery>
</center>

==Indian states formerly ruled by Nawabs==
{{col-begin}} {{col-1-of-3}}
*[[Amb (princely state)|Amb (Tanoli)]]
*[[Arcot]]
*[[Awadh]]
*[[Bahawalpur]]
*[[Balasinor]]
*[[Banganapalle]]
*[[Baoni]]
*[[Bengal]]
*[[Bhopal (state)|Bhopal]]
*[[Cambay]]
*[[Dir (princely state)|Dir]]
{{col-2-of-3}}
*[[Farrukhabad]] ([[UP India]])
*[[Janjua]]
*[[Jaora]]
*[[Junagadh]]
*[[Kalabagh]]
*[[Kurwai]]
*[[Multan]]
*[[Sukkur]]
*[[Thatta]]
*[[Mamdot]]
*[[Warcha]]

{{col-3-of-3}}
*[[Palanpur]] ([[Gujarat]], [[India]])
*[[Pataudi]]
*[[Rajoli]]
*[[Rampur, Uttar Pradesh|Rampur]]
*[[Rojhan Mazari]]
*[[Sachin, Gujarat|Sachin]]
*[[Gumbat]]
*[[Tonk (princely state)|Tonk]]
*[[Talokar|Ding Khola]]
{{col-end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}
; Sources
*[http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/D_0165.htm Encyclopaedia: Dhaka Nawab Estate]
*[http://banglapedia.search.com.bd/HT/N_0138.htm Nawab in Banglapedia]
*[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=nabob&searchmode=none Etymology OnLine]
*[http://www.4dw.net/royalark/India/India.htm RoyalArk- here Indian, see also Pakistan] extensive genealogies on several dynasties
*[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/India_princes_A-J.html WorldStatesmen] more concise but more states
*{{1911}}

[[Category:Gubernatorial titles]]
[[Category:Heads of state]]
[[Category:Noble titles]]
[[Category:Titles in India]]
[[Category:Titles in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Titles of national or ethnic leadership]]
[[Category:Royal titles]]
[[Category:Nawabs of India]]

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