Dab solver - Oil Campaign targets of World War II

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:"Plan": {{Cite journal |last=Williamson |first=Charles C.  |coauthors=Hughes, R. D.; Cabell, C. P.;Nazarro, J. J.; Bender, F. P.; & Crigglesworth, W. J.  |date=5 March 1944 |title=Plan for the Completion of the Combined Bomber Offensive |pages=5 pages + Appendices A–G & Supplement |quote=the rapid attrition of the German Fighter Force in being [vice production] can best be achieved by attacks on objectives which are so vital to the German War Machine that they must defend them with everything they have, or face the rapid reduction of their military forces to impotence. … the action to be adopted: … b.  must favor a {{Disambiguation needed|{{subst:DATE}}|date=January 2012}}.}}
:*"Appendix A": {{Cite journal |last=_____ |title=Fighter and Ball Bearing Production |pages=2 pages }}85 lines hidden (5624 characters)
|-
| Oil fields
|
| [[Nienhagen, Lower Saxony|]]
| Hungary ([[Nagykanizsa]])^ref
|-
| Oil<br>storage<br>depots<!--distinct depots, e.g., not at refineries-->
| Vienna ([[Port of Mainz#Modern age|Winterhafen]])
| [[Bücken]]
[[Bruges]]
<br>[[Dülmen]]
<br>[[Baar-Ebenhausen|Ebenhausen]]
<br>[[Erfurt]]
<br>/[[Ebrach]]<!--Disambiguation needed: http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Ebrach+erbach+depot+oil Perhaps one is spelled incorrectly-->
<br>[[Frankfurt am Main]]
<br>[[Freiham]]
<br>[[Hamburg]]
<br>[[Kassel]]
<br>{{sic|}}
<br>[[Malbork|Marienburg]]
<br>[[Munich]]
<br>[[Bad Driburg#Neuenheerse|Neuenheerse]]
<br>[[Roudnice nad Labem]] 
<br>[[Würzburg]]
<br>Underground:
<br>[[...|Ehmen]]{{Verify source|"Ehmen" may be one of the other four underground facilities which Ludmer listed (one of the bombed depots is similarly named: "Emden"|date=March 2009}}
<br>[[Farge]]^ref
<br>[[Hitzacker]]^ref
<br>[[Loccum]]^ref
<br>[[Nienburg, Lower Saxony|]]^ref
| Belgium ([[Antwerp]])
France ([[Dugny]])
<br>France ()
<br>France ([[Le Pouzin]])
<br>France ([[Lyon]])
<br>France ([[Montbartier]])
<br>France (Paris)
<br>France ([[Rouen]])
<br>France ([[Sète]])
<br>Italy ([[La Spezia]])

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{{For|details regarding [[Ersatz]] oil facilities of [[Nazi Germany]]|Synthetic oil#History}}
{{Main|Oil Campaign of World War II}}
[[Oil Campaign of World War II (Chronology)|Allied bombing]] of the '''Oil Campaign targets of World War II''' included attacks on [[Nazi Germany]] oil refineries, [[synthetic oil]] plants, storage depots, and other chemical works. Natural oil was available in Northwestern Germany at [[Nienhagen, Lower Saxony|Nienhagen]]<ref>{{cite web |title=tbd |url=http://www.fischer-tropsch.org/Tom%20Reels/Linked/B1870/B1870-0466-0490%20Item%207.pdf |format=pdf |accessdate=tbd}}</ref> (55%—300,000 tons per year),<ref name=Ludmer/> [[Rietberg]] (20%—300,000), and [[Heide]] (300,000) and refineries were mainly at Hamburg and Hannover. Refineries in France, Holland, and Italy (54)—mainly coastal plants for ocean-shipped crude—were within Allied bombing range and generally unused by Germany<ref name=WalterBedellSmith>

{{Cite book |last=HQ. U.S.S.T.A.F. |date=5th MARCH 1944 |title=Plan for Completion of Combined Bomber Offensive Copy I [package] |location=Dwight D. [[Eisenhower Presidential Library]]: SMITH, WALTER BEDELL: Collection of World War II Documents, 1941-1945; Box No.: 48 |publisher=HQ, U.S.S.T.A.F |quote=''MOST SECRET … DECLASSIFIED … 4/4/74''}}
:'''Cover letter''': {{Cite book |last=Spaatz |first=Carl |authorlink=Carl Spaatz |date=5 March 1944 |title=SUBJECT: Plan for Completion of Combined Bomber Offensive TO: General Dwight D. Eisenhower, supreme Allied Commader, Headquarters, ETOUSA. |location=Headquarters United States Strategic Air Forces in Europe APO 633 |publisher=Office of the Commanding General |quote=''SECRET … DECLASSIFIED … 4/24/74 …3Incls:''}}
:'''"Plan"''': {{Cite journal |last=Williamson |first=Charles C. |coauthors=Hughes, R. D.; Cabell, C. P.;Nazarro, J. J.; Bender, F. P.; & Crigglesworth, W. J. |date=5 March 1944 |title=Plan for the Completion of the Combined Bomber Offensive |pages=5 pages + Appendices A–G & Supplement |quote=''the rapid attrition of the German Fighter Force in being ''[vice production]'' can best be achieved by attacks on objectives which are so vital to the German War Machine that they must defend them with everything they have, or face the rapid reduction of their military forces to impotence. … the action to be adopted: … b. must favor a <<link:0>>{{Disambiguation needed|{{subst:DATE}}|date=January 2012}}.''}}
:*"'''Appendix A'''": {{Cite journal |last=_____ |title=Fighter and Ball Bearing Production |pages=2 pages }}
:*"'''Appendix B'''": {{Cite journal |last=_____ |title=Petroleum |pages=2 pages + fold-out map}}
:…
:*"'''Appendix G'''": {{Cite journal |last=_____ |title=Computation of Report |pages=5 pages }}
:*"'''Supplement'''": {{Cite journal |last=_____ |title=Reexamination of Previously Recommended Target Systems |pages=2 pages + Parts 1–10 |quote=[targets] ''which the C.A.S. and [[Casablanca directive]]s have specifically mentioned''}}
::*"'''Part 1'''": {{Cite journal |last=_____ |title=Prospect for Ending War by Air Attack Against German Morale |pages=2 pages |quote=''Day raids by American heavy bombers against ''[morale]'' have little merit as a means of exploiting air supremacy over Germany. Neither fear, war weariness, nor the prospect of impoverishment is likely to be sufficient to enable impotent political and social groups to overthrow the efficient, terroristic Nazi social controls and bring about [[RANKIN]]. … The will of the Nazi party to resist Allied military pressure springs from strong, simple urges. It is generally agreed, and is doubtless clear to the party's leading members, that their chances for survival after RANKIN are slight.''}}
:…
::*"'''Part 10'''": {{Cite journal |last=_____ |title=Target Potentialities of Oil -- March 1944 |pages=7 pages, including Tables 1–4 |quote=''}}</ref> (Italian refining ceased in August 1943).<ref name=WesternAxis>

{{cite web |last=Western Axis Subcommittee |month=after August 1943 |title=Estimated Refinery Output in Axis Europe -- 1943 |url=http://www.fischer-tropsch.org/Tom%20Reels/Linked/B1870/B1870-0517-0541%20Item%208C.pdf |format=pdf |publisher=Enemy Oil Committee |accessdate=2009-03-21}}</ref> Even before the war, Germany was dependent on foreign sources for an adequate supply of oil. The annexations of [[Anschluss|Austria]] and [[Munich Agreement|the Sudetenland]] (and the [[Oil and gas deposits in the Czech Republic|breakup of Czechoslovakia]]); the "''[[History of Germany during World War II#Invasion of Poland|campaigns in Norway, Holland, Belgium, and France]]…and'' [[Nazi–Soviet economic relations|imports from the Soviet Union]] provided significant wartime POL imports to Nazi Germany.<ref name=Becker>

{{cite journal |last=Becker |first=Peter W. |year=1981 |title=The Role of Synthetic Fuel In World War II Germany: implications for today? |url=http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/aureview/1981/jul-aug/becker.htm |journal=Air University Review |location=[[Maxwell AFB]] |accessdate= }}</ref> [[List of German companies by employees in 1938|Firms]] that operated oil facilities included [[Deutsche Erdöl-Aktiengesellschaft]], [[Brabag]] (e.g., Böhlen, [[Magdeburg]]/Rothensee, [[Zeitz]]),<ref name=Schroeder>

{{cite web |last=Schroeder |first=W. C. |month=August 1946 |title=Report On Investigations by Fuels and Lubricants Teams At The I.G. Farbenindustrie, A. G., Works, Ludwigshafen and Oppau |url=http://www.fischer-tropsch.org/Bureau_of_Mines/info_circ/ic_7375/ic_7375.htm |publisher=[[US Bureau of Mines]], Office of Synthetic Liquid Fuels |accessdate=2009-03-21}}</ref> [http://www.fischer-tropsch.org/Tom%20Reels/Linked/B1870/B1870-0466-0490%20Item%207.pdf Fanto] (Pardubice, Budapest),<ref name=WalterBedellSmith/> and [[IG Farben|I.G. Farbenindustrie]] (Blechhammer, Ludwigshafen/Oppau,<ref name=Schroeder/> Oświęcim).

{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
|+ ''This table is [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists#Incomplete lists|incomplete]]; you can help by [[Chronology of the Oil Campaign of World War II|expanding it]].''
|-
!style="background:silver" | Type
!style="background:silver" | Germany ([[Ruhr Area|Ruhr]] & Vienna areas)
!style="background:silver" | Germany (other)
!style="background:silver" | Foreign
|-
| [[Bergius process|Bergius plants]]
| [[Bottrop]]-Welheim
[[Castrop-Rauxel]]
 [[Duisburg]]
 [[Gelsenkirchen]] (Nordstern)
 Gelsenkirchen (Scholven/[[Buer, Germany|Buer]])
 [[Homberg (Duisburg)|Homberg]]
 [[Kamen]]{{Clarify|The Kamen and the FT plants at Dortmund & Kamen-Dortmund need distinguished. The 384 BG source says Bochum was a Dortmund plant.|date=February 2009}}
 [[Oberhausen|Sterkrade/Holten]]<ref name=Galland>

{{cite book |last=Galland |first=Adolf |authorlink=Adolf Galland |year=1968 Ninth Printing - paperbound |title=The First and the Last: The Rise and Fall of the German Fighter Forces, 1938-1945 |location=New York |publisher=Ballantine Books |pages=239 |origyear=1954}}</ref>
 [[Wanne-Eickel]]
| [[Blechhammer]]
[[List of German companies by employees in 1938|Essener Verein]]<ref name=WalterBedellSmith/>
 [[Leuna#Leunawerke|Leuna]] - most heavily defended oil target in Nazi Germany
 [[Ludwigshafen]]
 Lützendorf-Mücheln'''<ref name=Ludmer/>
 [[Wesseling]]
| Poland ([[Oświęcim]])
|-
| [[Fischer-Tropsch process|Fischer- Tropsch plants]] 
| [[Dortmund]]{{Clarify|The Kamen and the FT plants at Dortmund & Kamen-Dortmund need distinguished. Also, the 384 BG source says Bochum was a Dortmund plant.|date=February 2009}}
[[Kamen]]-Dortmund
 [[Vogelsang (Odertal)|Odertal]]
 [[Ruhland]]-[[Schwarzheide]]<ref name=Becker/>
| Lützendorf-Mücheln'''<ref name=Ludmer/>
Essener Verein<ref name=WalterBedellSmith/> 
| France ([[Harnes]])
|-
| Refineries
| Austria ([[Korneuburg]])
[[Vienna]] ([[Floridsdorf]])
 Vienna ([[Lobau]])
 Vienna ([[Moosbierbaum]])
 Vienna ([[Schwechat]])
 Vienna ([[Vösendorf]])
| [[Bremen]]
[[Chemnitz]]
 [[Cottbus]]
 [[Dortmund]]
 [[Düsseldorf]]
 [[Emmerich am Rhein#History|Emmerich]]
 [[Operation Gomorrah|Hamburg]]-Harburg<ref name=Levine>

{{cite book |last=Levine |first=Alan J |title=The Strategic Bombing of Germany, 1940-1945
|url=http://books.google.com/?id=LZ99c7ZlxxQC |accessdate=2006-06-30 |page=p149 |isbn=978-0-275-94319-6 |year=1992}}</ref>
 [[Hanover]]
 [[Magdeburg]]
 [[Mannheim]]<ref>{{cite web |title=tbd |url=http://libraryautomation.com/nymas/usaaf7.html |accessdate=tbd}}</ref>
 [[Mittelwerk]] (jet fuel)
 [[Monheim am Rhein|Monheim]]
 [[Nienhagen, Lower Saxony|Nienhagen]]
 [[Regensburg]] (imports)<ref name=Ludmer>

{{cite web |last=Ludmer |first=Henry |date={{circa|March 28, 1946}} |title=Oil in Germany |url=https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/1811/3612/1/V47N06_259.pdf |format=pdf |work=No. 6, Vol. XLVII |publisher=University of Toledo |pages=259–63|accessdate=2009-02-11}}</ref>
 [[Rositz]]
| Austria ([[Linz]] benzol plant)
Czechoslovakia ([[Most|Brüx]], 
 [[History of Bratislava|Bratislava]], 
[[Dubová, Pezinok District|Dubová]], 
[[Kralupy nad Vltavou|Kralupy]], 
 [[Kolín]], [[Pardubice]]) 
 France ([[Balaruc]])
 France ([[La Pallice (harbour)|La Pallice]]
 Hungary ([[Almásfüzitő]])
 Hungary ([[Budapest]])
 Hungary ([[Szöny]])
 Poland ([[Czechowice]])
 Poland ([[Drohobycz]])
 Poland ([[Trzebina]])
 Romania ([[Braşov]])
 Romania ([[Brazi]])
 Romania ([[Bucharest]])<ref name=WalterBedellSmith/>
 Romania ([[Câmpina]])
 Romania ([[Ploieşti]])
|-
| Oil fields
|
| [[Nienhagen, Lower Saxony|Nienhagen]]
| Hungary ([[Nagykanizsa]])<ref>{{cite book |last=Gilbert |first=Sir Martin |authorlink=Martin Gilbert |year= |title=The Second World War |url=http://books.google.com/?id=Y_sfOn8BkOwC&pg=PA98 |format=html—Google books |publisher= |page=509 |isbn=978-0-8050-7623-3|accessdate=2009-04-07 |date=2004-06}}</ref>
|-
| Oil storage depots
| Vienna ([[Port of Mainz#Modern age|Winterhafen]])
| [[Bücken]]
[[Bruges]]
 [[Dülmen]]
 [[Baar-Ebenhausen|Ebenhausen]]
 [[Erfurt]]
 <<link:1>>/[[Ebrach]]
 [[Frankfurt am Main]]
 [[Freiham]]
 [[Hamburg]]
 [[Kassel]]
 {{sic|<<link:2>>}}
 [[Malbork|Marienburg]]
 [[Munich]]
 [[Bad Driburg#Neuenheerse|Neuenheerse]]
 [[Roudnice nad Labem]] 
 [[Würzburg]]
 '''Underground''':
 [[445th Airlift Wing#World War II|Ehmen]]{{Verify source|"Ehmen" may be one of the other four underground facilities which Ludmer listed (one of the bombed depots is similarly named: "Emden"|date=March 2009}}
 [[Farge]]<ref name=Ludmer/>
 [[Hitzacker]]<ref name=Ludmer/>
 [[Loccum]]<ref name=Ludmer/>
 [[Nienburg, Lower Saxony|Nienburg]]<ref name=Ludmer/>
| Belgium ([[Antwerp]])
France ([[Dugny]])
 France (<<link:3>>)
 France ([[Le Pouzin]])
 France ([[Lyon]])
 France ([[Montbartier]])
 France (Paris)
 France ([[Rouen]])
 France ([[Sète]])
 Italy ([[La Spezia]])
 Italy ([[Porto Marghera]])
 Romania ([[Constanţa]])
 Romania ([[Giurgiu]])
 Yugoslavia ([[Belgrade]])
 Yugoslavia ([[Pula]])
|-
|}
{{externalimage|align=right|images=
[http://orbat.com/site/sturmvogel/ussbsnat.html Map of oil facilities]
[http://forum.armyairforces.com/upfiles/9956/7538B7C0562C4544A665492705C4104A.jpg Blechhammer North] 
[http://www.ausairpower.net/APA-USAF-SynFuels.html Bratislava Apollo refinery] 
[http://www.raf.mod.uk/bombercommand/feb.html Magdeburg/Rothensee] 
[http://books.google.com/books?id=_HkHU5RJJekC&pg=PA166 Nov '44 Wanna-Eickel bombing photo]
}}

==References==
:{{note|1|Note 1}}: Part 10 of the [[Oil Campaign of World War II|Plan for Completion of the Combined Bomber Offensive]] identifies plants at both {{sic|"Lutzkendorf" and "Lutzkendorf-Mücheln"}}.<ref name=WalterBedellSmith/>

[[Category:Oil Campaign of World War II| ]]
[[Category:Oil refineries| ]]

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