Webreflinks - Camille Claudel

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-In 2011 world premiere of [[Boris Eifman]]'s new ballet ''Rodin'' took place in Saint-Petersburg, Russia. The ballet is dedicated to the life and creative work sculptor [[Auguste Rodin]] and his apprentice, lover and muse, Camille Claudel. <ref>http://www.eifmanballet.ru/en/repertoire/rodin</ref>
+In 2011 world premiere of [[Boris Eifman]]'s new ballet ''Rodin'' took place in Saint-Petersburg, Russia. The ballet is dedicated to the life and creative work sculptor [[Auguste Rodin]] and his apprentice, lover and muse, Camille Claudel. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eifmanballet.ru/en/repertoire/rodin |title=St.Petersburg Eifman Ballet - Ballet "Rodin" |publisher=Eifmanballet.ru |date= |accessdate=2013-05-21}}</ref>
 ==Further reading==
-*{{Cite book|last=Miller|first=Joan Vita|title=[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/99556 Rodin: the B. Gerald Cantor Collection]|year=1986|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=New York|isbn=9780870994432}} (which contains material on Claudel)
+*{{Cite book|last=Miller|first=Joan Vita|url=http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/99556|title=Rodin: the B. Gerald Cantor Collection|year=1986|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=New York|isbn=9780870994432}} (which contains material on Claudel)

{{About|the artist|the 1988 film|Camille Claudel (film)|the musical|Camille Claudel (musical)}}
{{Infobox person
|image=Camille Claudel.jpg
|caption=Camille Claudel in 1884 (aged&nbsp;19)
|birth_date={{birth date|1864|12|8|df=y}}
|birth_place=[[Fère-en-Tardenois]], [[Aisne]], [[France]]
|death_date={{death date and age|1943|10|19|1864|12|8|df=y}}
|death_place=[[Montdevergues]], [[Vaucluse]]
|parents=Louis Prosper<br>Louise Athanaïse Cécile Cerveaux
|relations=[[Paul Claudel]]
|alma_mater=[[Académie Colarossi]]
|influences=[[Alfred Boucher]], [[Jessie Lipscomb]], [[Auguste Rodin]]
}}

'''Camille Claudel''' (8 December 1864 &ndash; 19&nbsp;October 1943) was a [[France|French]] [[sculpture|sculptor]] and [[graphic artist]]. She was the elder sister of the poet and diplomat [[Paul Claudel]].

== Early years ==
Camille Claudel was born in [[Fère-en-Tardenois]], [[Aisne]], in northern France, the second child of a family of farmers and gentry. Her father, Louis Prosper, dealt in mortgages and bank transactions. Her mother, the former Louise Athanaïse Cécile Cerveaux, came from a [[Champagne (province)|Champagne]] family of [[Catholic]] farmers and [[priest]]s. The family moved to [[Villeneuve-sur-Fère]] while Camille was still a baby.  Her younger brother Paul Claudel was born there in 1868.  Subsequently they moved to [[Bar-le-Duc]] (1870), [[Nogent-sur-Seine]] (1876), and [[Wassy-sur-Blaise]] (1879), although they continued to spend summers in Villeneuve-sur-Fère, and the stark landscape of that region made a deep impression on the children.  Camille moved with her mother, brother and younger sister to the [[Montparnasse]] area of [[Paris]] in 1881, her father having to remain behind, working to support them.

== Creative period ==
[[File:Camille Claudel atelier.jpg|thumb|left|Camille Claudel in her workshop (before 1930)]]
[[File:Rodin p1070087.jpg|thumb|left|[[Auguste Rodin]], ''Portrait of Camille Claudel with a Bonnet'', 1886]]
Fascinated with stone and soil as a child, as a young woman she studied at the [[Académie Colarossi]] with sculptor [[Alfred Boucher]]. (At the time, the [[École des Beaux-Arts]] barred women from enrolling to study.)  In 1882, Claudel rented a workshop with other young women, mostly English, including [[Jessie Lipscomb]]. Alfred Boucher became her mentor and provided inspiration and encouragement to the next generation of sculptors such as Laure Coutan and Claudel. The latter was depicted in "Camille Claudel lisant" by Boucher<ref name="exporevue.com">[http://www.exporevue.com/magazine/fr/camille_claudel.html Camille Claudel r&eacute;v&eacute;l&eacute;e, exporevue, magazine, art vivant et actualit&eacute;] at www.exporevue.com</ref> and later she herself sculpted a bust of her mentor. Before moving to Florence and after having taught Claudel and others for over three years, Boucher asked [[Auguste Rodin]] to take over the instruction of his pupils. This is how Rodin and Claudel met and their tumultuous and passionate relationship started.

Around 1884, she started working in Rodin's workshop. Claudel became a source of inspiration, his model, his confidante and lover. She never lived with Rodin, who was reluctant to end his 20-year relationship with [[Rose Beuret]]. Knowledge of the affair agitated her family, especially her mother, who never completely agreed with Claudel's involvement in the arts.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} As a consequence, she left the family house. In 1892, after an unwanted abortion, Claudel ended the intimate aspect of her relationship with Rodin, although they saw each other regularly until 1898.

Beginning in 1903, she exhibited her works at the [[Société des Artistes Français|Salon des Artistes français]] or at the [[Salon d'Automne]].

It would be a mistake to assume that Claudel's reputation has survived simply because of her once notorious association with Rodin. The novelist and art critic [[Octave Mirbeau]] described her as "A revolt against nature: a woman genius". Her early work is similar to Rodin's in spirit, but shows an imagination and lyricism quite her own, particularly in the famous ''Bronze Waltz'' (1893). ''[[The Mature Age]]'' (1900) whilst interpreted by her brother as a powerful allegory of her break with Rodin, with one figure ''The Implorer'' that was produced as an edition of its own, has also been interpreted in a less purely autobiographical mode as an even more powerful representation of change and purpose in the human condition.<ref>The different scales, the different modes of plasticity, and gender-representation, of the three figures which make up this important group, enable a more universal thematic and metaphoric stylistics related to the ages of existence, childhood, maturity, and the perspective of the transcendent (v. Angela Ryan, "Camille Claudel: the Artist as Heroinic Rhetorician." Irish Women's Studies Review vol 8: Making a Difference: Women and the Creative Arts. (December 2002): 13-28).</ref>

Her [[onyx]] and bronze small-scale ''Wave'' (1897) was a conscious break in style with her Rodin period, with a decorative quality quite different from the "heroic" feeling of her earlier work.

In the early years of the 20th Century, Claudel had patrons, dealers, and some commercial success.

Composer [[Claude Debussy]] has also been romantically linked to Claudel, but this was later proven as being false.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}  Nevertheless, Debussy kept a copy of Claudel's ''La Valse'' on his mantel.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}}

== Illness ==
After 1905 Claudel appeared to be mentally ill. She destroyed many of her statues, disappeared for long periods of time, and exhibited signs of [[paranoia]] and was diagnosed as having [[schizophrenia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0047-20852006000300012&script=sci_arttext |title=Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria - Camille Claudel: a revulsion of nature. The art of madness or the madness of art? |doi=10.1590/S0047-20852006000300012 |publisher=Scielo.br |date=1990-01-06 |accessdate=2011-12-09}}</ref> She accused Rodin of stealing her ideas and of leading a conspiracy to kill her. After the wedding of her brother (who had supported her until then) in 1906 and his return to China, she lived secluded in her workshop.

== Confinement ==
Her father, who approved of her career choice, tried to help her and supported her financially. When he died on 2 March 1913, Claudel was not informed of his death. On 10 March 1913 at the initiative of her brother, she was admitted to the [[psychiatric hospital]] of [[Hôpital de Ville-Évrard|Ville-Évrard]] in [[Neuilly-sur-Marne]]. The form read that she had been "voluntarily" committed, although her admission was signed by a doctor and her brother.  There are records to show that while she did have mental outbursts, she was clear-headed while working on her art.  Doctors tried to convince the family that she need not be in the institution, but still they kept her there.{{Citation needed|date=November 2008}}

In 1914, to be safe from advancing German troops, the patients at Ville-Évrard were at first relocated to [[Enghien]].  On 7 September 1914 Camille was transferred with a number of other women, to the [[Montdevergues Asylum]], at [[Montfavet]], six kilometres from [[Avignon]]. Her certificate of admittance to Montdevergues was signed on 22 September 1914; it reported that she suffered "from a systematic persecution delirium mostly based upon false interpretations and imagination".{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}

For a while, the press accused her family of committing a sculptor of genius. Her mother forbade her to receive mail from anyone other than her brother. The hospital staff regularly proposed to her family that Claudel be released, but her mother adamantly refused each time. On 1 June 1920, physician Dr. Brunet sent a letter advising her mother to try to reintegrate her daughter into the family environment. Nothing came of this.

[[File:Paul Claudel 01.jpg|thumb|Paul Claudel in 1927]]
Paul Claudel visited her every few years, though he referred to her in the past tense. In 1929 [[Jessie Lipscomb]] visited her and insisted "it was not true" that Claudel was insane. Rodin's friend, Mathias Morhardt, insisted that Paul was a "simpleton" who had "shut away" his sister of genius.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}

Camille Claudel died on 19 October 1943, after having lived 30 years in the asylum at Montfavet (known then as the Asile de Montdevergues, now the modern psychiatric hospital [[Centre hospitalier de Montfavet]]), and without a visit from her mother or sister (her mother died on 20&nbsp;June 1929). Her body was interred in the cemetery of Monfavet. No one from the family attended the ceremony (only a few members from the hospital staff). Later her remains were buried in a communal grave (the body was never claimed by her family).{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}

== Legacy ==
Though she destroyed much of her art work, about 90 statues, sketches and drawings survive.

Some authors argue that [[Henrik Ibsen]] based his last play, 1899's ''[[When We Dead Awaken]]'', on Rodin's relationship with Claudel.<ref>{{cite book |title=Auguste Rodin and Camille Claudel |last=Schmoll gen. Eisenwerth |first=J. Adolf |year=1994 |publisher=Prestel |isbn=3-7913-1382-7, 9783791313825}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Contradictory characters: an interpretation of the modern theatre |last=Bremel |first=Albert |year=1996 |publisher=Northwestern University Press |isbn=0-8101-1441-0, 9780810114418 |pages=282–283 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=With vine-leaves in his hair: the role of the artist in Ibsen's plays |last=Binding |first=Paul |year=2006 |publisher=Norvik Press |location= |isbn=1-870041-67-4, 9781870041676 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Ibsen's women |last=Templeton|first=Joan |year=2001|publisher=Cambridge University Press |location= |isbn=0-521-00136-6, 9780521001366 |page=369 }}</ref>

In 1951, Paul Claudel organized an exhibition at the [[Musée Rodin]], which continues to display her sculptures. A large exhibition of her works was organized in 1984.  In 2005 a large art display featuring the works of Rodin and Claudel was exhibited in [[Quebec City]], [[Canada]] and [[Detroit, Michigan]], [[USA]]. In 2008, the [[Musée Rodin]] organized a retrospective exhibition including more than 80 of her works.

The publication of several biographies in the 1980s sparked a resurgence of interest in her work.

''[[Camille Claudel (film)|Camille Claudel]]'' (1988) was a dramatization of her life based largely on historical records. Directed by [[Bruno Nuytten]], co-produced  by [[Isabelle Adjani]], starring herself as Claudel and [[Gérard Depardieu]] as Rodin, the film was nominated for two [[Academy Awards]] in 1989. Another film, ''[[Camille Claudel 1915]]'', directed by [[Bruno Dumont]], was shown in competition at the [[63rd Berlin International Film Festival]] in 2013.

Composer [[Jeremy Beck]]'s ''Death of a Little Girl with Doves'' (1998), an operatic soliloquy for soprano and orchestra, is based on the life and letters of Camille Claudel. This composition has been recorded by Rayanne Dupuis, soprano, with the Slovak Radio Symphony Orchestra.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.innova.mu/albums/jeremy-beck/wave |title=Innova Recordings: Jeremy Beck - Wave |accessdate=2012-10-03}}</ref> Beck's composition has been described as "a deeply attractive and touching piece of writing ... [demonstrating] imperious melodic confidence, fluent emotional command and yielding tenderness." <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2004/Dec04/beck.htm |title=Jeremy Beck - Wave |publisher=MusicWeb International.com |date=December 2004 |accessdate=2012-10-03}}</ref>

In 2003, plans were announced to turn the Claudel family home at Nogent-sur-Seine into a museum, which was negotiating to buy works from the Claudel family. These include 70 pieces by Camille Claudel, including a bust of Rodin.

Seattle playwright S.P. Miskowski's ''La Valse'' (2000) is a well-researched look at Claudel's life.<ref>[http://www.seattlepi.com/theater/valseq.shtml ]{{dead link|date=December 2011}}</ref>

Composer Frank Wildhorn and lyricist Nan Knighton's musical ''Camille Claudel'' was produced by Goodspeed Musicals at The Norma Terris Theatre in Chester, Connecticut in 2003.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/81510.html |title=Wildhorn and Knighton's Camille Claudel, the Musical, Ends Sept. 7 at Goodspeed |publisher=Playbill.com |date=2003-09-07 |accessdate=2012-06-18}}</ref>

In 2005, Sotheby's sold a second edition ''La Valse'' (1905, Blot, number 21) for $932,500.<ref>http://www.sothebys.com/app/live/lot/LotDetail.jsp?lot_id=159563476{{dead link|date=June 2012}}</ref>  In a 2009 Paris auction, Claudel's ''Le Dieu Envolé'' (1894/1998, [[Foundry Valsuani|Valsuani]], signed and numbered 6/8) has a high estimate of $180,000,<ref>http://www.sothebys.com/app/live/lot/LotDetail.jsp?lot_id=159557282{{dead link|date=June 2012}}</ref> while a comparable Rodin sculpture, ''L'eternelle Idole'' (1889/1930, Rudier, signed) has a high estimate of $75,000.<ref>http://www.sothebys.com/app/live/lot/LotDetail.jsp?lot_id=159567009{{dead link|date=June 2012}}</ref>

In 2011 world premiere of [[Boris Eifman]]'s new ballet ''Rodin'' took place in Saint-Petersburg, Russia. The ballet is dedicated to the life and creative work sculptor [[Auguste Rodin]] and his apprentice, lover and muse, Camille Claudel. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eifmanballet.ru/en/repertoire/rodin |title=St.Petersburg Eifman Ballet - Ballet "Rodin" |publisher=Eifmanballet.ru |date= |accessdate=2013-05-21}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[:Category:Sculptures by Camille Claudel]]

== Notes ==
<references/>

==Bibliography==

*Ayral-Clause, Odile.  ''Camille Claudel:  A Life''.  New York:  Abrams, 2002.
*Lenormand-Romain, Antoinette et al.  ''Camille Claudel and Rodin:  Fateful Encounter''.  New York:  Gingko Press, 2005.
*Rivière, Anne & Bruno Gaudichon.  ''Camille Claudel:  Catalogue raisonné''.  Paris:  Adam Biro, 2001.

==Further reading==
*{{Cite book|last=Miller|first=Joan Vita|url=http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/99556|title=Rodin: the B. Gerald Cantor Collection|year=1986|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|location=New York|isbn=9780870994432}} (which contains material on Claudel)

== External links ==
{{Wikiquote}}
{{commons|Camille Claudel|Camille Claudel}}
* [http://www.aworldtowin.net/reviews/CamilleClaudel.htm Review of 2008 Claudel exhibition at Musee Rodin, Paris]{{Dead link|date=July 2010}}
* [http://www.dia.org/exhibitions/claudel_rodin/preview.asp ''Camille Claudel and Rodin: Fateful Encounter'' at Detroit Institute of Arts 2005]
* [http://www.rodin-web.org/claudel/default.htm Claudel pages, including biography and timeline, at rodin-web.org]
* [http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/claudel_camille.html Camille Claudel at artcyclopedia.com]
* [http://www.boheme-magazine.net/php/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=236 Camille Claudel: a Life of Struggle]{{Dead link|date=August 2010}}
* [http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/lycium7/camilleclaudel.html&date=2009-10-26+02:02:14 Camille Claudel, Of Dreams and Nightmares]
* [http://www.boheme-magazine.net/php/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=236 Camille Claudel: a Life of Struggle]
* [http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/lycium7/camilleclaudel.html&date=2009-10-26+02:02:14 Camille Claudel, Of Dreams and Nightmares]{{Dead link|date=February 2012}}
* [http://www.boheme-magazine.net/php/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=724 An Eye on Art: ''L'Age Mûr'']
* [http://rsparlourtricks.blogspot.com/2005/12/camille-claudel.html Ron Schuler's Parlour Tricks: Camille Claudel]
* [http://www.odileayral-clause.com/english/interview  CBC interview for the 2005 exhibition in Quebec]
* [http://www.eifmanballet.ru/en/repertoire/rodin Rodin Ballet by Boris Eifman]

{{Persondata 
| NAME              = Claudel, Camille
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = French artist
| DATE OF BIRTH     = 8 December 1864
| PLACE OF BIRTH    = [[Fère-en-Tardenois]], [[Aisne]], [[France]]
| DATE OF DEATH     = 19 October 1943
| PLACE OF DEATH    = [[Montdevergues]], [[Vaucluse]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Claudel, Camille}}
[[Category:1864 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Aisne]]
[[Category:French artists' models]]
[[Category:French sculptors]]
[[Category:French women artists]]
[[Category:People with schizophrenia]]
[[Category:Women sculptors]]

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