Webreflinks - Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial

Most tools require the use of JavaScript. If you are using Firefox with the NoScript addon, please mark toolserver.org as trusted. See the Help page for details.

Documentation Feedback / Report a bug

Introduction by SmartSE

Reflinks will help you to turn bare urls into templated references, hopefully leaving you more time to write and reducing link rot caused by bare urls. The tool visits each webpage that is in a bare reference and collects the page title and some other information automatically, the tool has to be checked over manually to make sure that the references are filled in correctly by the tool. You may have to remove some extra information from the template and add extra details if the tool is not able to find it for you. Some links may be marked as dead links incorrectly as the site blocks the tool, you may wish to manually check these dead links before adding the dead link tag to the article. The tool also does a few other minor maintenance tasks.

Applying English Wikipedia commonfixes
No changes necessary: references template found.

WebCite www.raggededgemagazine.com/archive/fdr.htm

Show console

List citation templatesReference on line 32:

	Current revision			Your text
	31	==Controversy==		31	==Controversy==
t	32	The statue of Franklin Delano Roosevelt also stirred controversy over the issue of his disability. Designers decided against plans to have FDR shown in a [[wheelchair]]. Instead, the statue depicts the president in a chair with a cloak obscuring the chair, showing him as he appeared to the public during his life. Roosevelt's reliance on a wheelchair was not publicized during his life, as there was a stigma of weakness and instability associated with any disability.<ref>http://www.raggededgemagazine.com/archive/fdr.htm</ref> However, historians and some disability-rights advocates wanted his disability to be shown for historical accuracy and to tell the story of what they believed to be the source of his strength.<ref>{{cite news\|last=Mutchler\|first=Meghan\|title=Roosevelt's Disability An Issue At Memorial\|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/10/us/roosevelt-s-disability-an-issue-at-memorial.html?src=pm\|accessdate=2 June 2012\|newspaper=The New York Times\|date=10 April 1995}}</ref> Other disability advocates,{{Who\|date=October 2009}} while not necessarily against showing him in a wheelchair, were wary of protests about the memorial that leaned toward making Roosevelt a hero because of his disability.{{Citation needed\|date=January 2012}}	t	32	The statue of Franklin Delano Roosevelt also stirred controversy over the issue of his disability. Designers decided against plans to have FDR shown in a [[wheelchair]]. Instead, the statue depicts the president in a chair with a cloak obscuring the chair, showing him as he appeared to the public during his life. Roosevelt's reliance on a wheelchair was not publicized during his life, as there was a stigma of weakness and instability associated with any disability.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.raggededgemagazine.com/archive/fdr.htm \|title=Fdr: Rolling In His Grave??? \|publisher=Raggededgemagazine.com \|date= \|accessdate=2013-05-21}}</ref> However, historians and some disability-rights advocates wanted his disability to be shown for historical accuracy and to tell the story of what they believed to be the source of his strength.<ref>{{cite news\|last=Mutchler\|first=Meghan\|title=Roosevelt's Disability An Issue At Memorial\|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/10/us/roosevelt-s-disability-an-issue-at-memorial.html?src=pm\|accessdate=2 June 2012\|newspaper=The New York Times\|date=10 April 1995}}</ref> Other disability advocates,{{Who\|date=October 2009}} while not necessarily against showing him in a wheelchair, were wary of protests about the memorial that leaned toward making Roosevelt a hero because of his disability.{{Citation needed\|date=January 2012}}
	33			33

{{Infobox protected area
| name = Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial 
| photo = FDR Memorial and Cherry Trees.JPG
| photo_width = 
| iucn_category = V
| map = United States Washington, D.C. central
| map_caption = 
| location = [[Washington, D.C.]], [[United States]]
| nearest_city = 
| lat_d = 38
| lat_m = 53
| lat_s = 2
| lat_NS = N
| long_d = 77
| long_m = 2
| long_s = 40
| long_EW = W
| coor_type = landmark_scale:2000
| area = 7.50 acres (3.0 hectares; 0.03 km²)
| established = May 2, 1997
| visitation_num = 2,852,565
| visitation_year = 2005
| governing_body = [[National Park Service]]
}}
The '''Franklin Delano Roosevelt memorial''' is a [[Presidential memorials in the United States|presidential memorial]] dedicated to the memory of [[President of the United States|U.S. President]] [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] and to the era he represents.  For the memorial's designer, landscape architect [[Lawrence Halprin]], the memorial site represents the capstone of a distinguished career,<ref name="sullivan2009">Sullivan, Patricia. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/10/27/AR2009102703857.html?sub=AR  "Lawrence Halprin, 93; Urban projects won wide acclaim for American landscape architect,"] ''Washington Post.'' October 28, 2009.</ref> partly because the landscape architect had fond memories of Roosevelt, and partly because of the sheer difficulty of the task.<ref name="martin2009">Martin, Douglas. [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/28/arts/design/28halprin.html  "Lawrence Halprin, Landscape Architect, Dies at 93,"] ''New York Times.'' October 28, 2003.</ref>
   
Dedicated on May 2, 1997 by President [[Bill Clinton]], the monument, spread over {{convert|7.5|acre|ha}}, traces 12 years of the [[history of the United States]] through a sequence of four outdoor rooms, one for each of FDR's terms of office. [[Sculpture]]s inspired by [[photograph]]s depict the 32nd president alongside his dog [[Fala (dog)|Fala]]. Other sculptures depict scenes from the [[Great Depression]], such as listening to a [[Fireside chats|fireside chat]] on the radio and waiting in a [[Soup kitchen|bread line]], a bronze sculpture by [[George Segal (artist)|George Segal]]. A [[bronze]] statue of [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]] [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] standing before the [[Flag of the United Nations|United Nations emblem]] honors her dedication to the [[United Nations|UN]]. It is the only presidential memorial to depict a First Lady.<ref name="White House">{{citation |url=http://clinton2.nara.gov/WH/New/html/fdr.html|accessdate=2009-04-14 |date=The White House/The National Archives}}</ref>   
   
Considering Roosevelt's disability, the memorial's designers intended to create a memorial that would be accessible to those with various physical impairments. Among other features, the memorial includes an area with tactile reliefs with [[braille]] writing for people who are blind. However, the memorial faced serious criticism from disabled activists. Vision-impaired visitors complained that the braille dots were improperly spaced and that some of the braille and reliefs were mounted eight feet off of the ground, placing it above the reach of most people.<ref>{{cite news|last=Vick|first=Karl|title=New FDR Statue's Braille Shows a Form of Blindness|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1997-05-25/news/mn-62352_1_blind-man|accessdate=22 April 2012|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=25 May 1997}}</ref>

==Controversy==
The statue of Franklin Delano Roosevelt also stirred controversy over the issue of his disability. Designers decided against plans to have FDR shown in a [[wheelchair]]. Instead, the statue depicts the president in a chair with a cloak obscuring the chair, showing him as he appeared to the public during his life.  Roosevelt's reliance on a wheelchair was not publicized during his life, as there was a stigma of weakness and instability associated with any disability.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.raggededgemagazine.com/archive/fdr.htm |title=Fdr: Rolling In His Grave??? |publisher=Raggededgemagazine.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-21}}</ref> However, historians and some disability-rights advocates wanted his disability to be shown for historical accuracy and to tell the story of what they believed to be the source of his strength.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mutchler|first=Meghan|title=Roosevelt's Disability An Issue At Memorial|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/10/us/roosevelt-s-disability-an-issue-at-memorial.html?src=pm|accessdate=2 June 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=10 April 1995}}</ref>  Other disability advocates,{{Who|date=October 2009}} while not necessarily against showing him in a wheelchair, were wary of protests about the memorial that leaned toward making Roosevelt a hero because of his disability.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}

The sculptor added casters to the back of the chair in deference to advocates, making it a symbolic "wheelchair". The casters are only visible behind the statue.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}
 
{{multiple image

| align     = right
| direction = horizontal
| width     =

| image1    = From FDR's Speech.jpg
| width1    = 190
| alt1      = 
| caption1  = "I hate war." From FDR's 1936 Speech

| image2    = Franklin Roosevelt Memorial waterfall.jpg
| width2    =170
| alt2      = 
| caption2  = Small manmade [[waterfall]]s located in the memorial

| header            = 
| header_align      = 
| header_background = 
| footer            = 
| footer_align      = 
| footer_background = 
| background color  = 
}}
The National Organization on Disability, headed by the efforts of [[Alan Reich]], raised US$1.65 million over two years to fund the addition of another statue that clearly showed the president in a wheelchair. In January 2001, the additional statue was placed near the memorial entrance showing FDR seated in a wheelchair much like the one he actually used.  The memorial's designer construed the wheelchair controversy as evidence of success: "The most important thing about designing is to generate creativity in others, and to be inclusive &ndash; to include the needs and experiences of people interacting with the environment, and to let them be part of its creation."<ref name="sullivan2009"/>
   
Running water is an important physical and metaphoric component of the memorial. Each of the four "rooms" representing Roosevelt's respective terms in office contains a waterfall. As one moves from room to room, the waterfalls become larger and more complex, reflecting the increasing complexity of a presidency marked by the vast upheavals of economic depression and world war. When the memorial first opened, people were encouraged to wade into the fountains and waterfalls. Within a matter of days, the [[National Park Service]], fearing accidents, prohibited people from entering the water.<ref name="sullivan2009"/>

Tour guides describe the symbolism of the five main water areas as:
[[File:LB-FDR-Memorial-2.jpg|thumb|222px|FDR's funeral procession by [[Leonard Baskin]]]]
* ''A single large drop'' - The crash of the economy that led to the [[Great Depression]]
* ''Multiple stairstep drops'' - The [[Tennessee Valley Authority]] dam-building project
* ''Chaotic falls at varying angles'' - [[World War II]]
* ''A still pool'' - Roosevelt's death
* ''A wide array combining the earlier waterfalls'' - A retrospective of Roosevelt's presidency
{{listen
|title=State of the Union (Four Freedoms) (January 6, 1941)
|filename=FDR's 1941 State of the Union (Four Freedoms speech) Edit 1.ogg
|description =[[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]'s January 6, 1941 [[State of the Union Address]] introducing the theme of the [[Four Freedoms]] (starting at 32:02)
|image=[[Image:Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial Four Freedoms.JPG|thumb|left|200px|A memorial wall engraved with the [[Four Freedoms]].]]  
|pos=right
}}

[[File:Original FDR memorial Oct 09.JPG|alt=|thumb|The original FDR Memorial on the corner of 9th Street and Pennsylvania Avenue]]
The memorial's design concept of four outdoor "rooms" and gardens is animated by water, stone, and sculpture.<ref name="martin2009"/>

The 1974 design competition was won by Lawrence Halprin; but for more than 20 years Congress failed to appropriate the funds to move beyond this conceptual stage.<ref name="sullivan2009"/>  The [[national memorial]] includes sculptures and works by [[Leonard Baskin]], [[Neil Estern]], [[Robert Graham (sculptor)|Robert Graham]], [[Thomas Hardy (sculptor)|Thomas Hardy]], and [[George Segal (artist)|George Segal]]. The site is part of [[National Mall and Memorial Parks]]. As an historic area managed by the [[National Park Service]], the memorial was administratively listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on date of its establishment, May 2, 1997.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}}

==Visitors==
The architecture critic of the ''Washington Post'' stated that the memorial was designed "to give people as many options as possible to go this way or that, to reverse directions, to pause, to start over, to be alone, to meet others, and to experience as many different sights, smells and sounds as the site permits."<ref name="martin2009"/>

==FDR's feelings about a memorial (the other FDR Memorial)==
FDR had been asked in 1941 about how he would like to be memorialized.  In 1965, twenty years after his death, a very modest memorial was dedicated on the lawn in front of the [[National Archives and Records Administration|Archives Building]] near the corner of 9th Street and [[Pennsylvania Avenue]] according to his explicit wishes.  The engraved words on the memorial say "In Memory of Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1882 1945".  A plaque in front of the memorial gives fuller details:
:In September 1941 President Franklin Delano Roosevelt called his friend, Supreme Court Justice [[Felix Frankfurter|Frankfurter]], to the White House and asked the Justice to remember the wish he then expressed:
:"If any memorial is erected to me, I know exactly what I should like it to be. I should like it to consist of a block about the size of this (putting his hand on his desk) and placed in the center of that green plot in front of the Archives Building. I don't care what it is made of, whether limestone or granite or whatnot, but I want it plain without any ornamentation, with the simple carving, 'In Memory of ____'."
:A small group of living associates of the President, on April 12, 1965, the twentieth anniversary of his death, fulfilled his wish by providing and dedicating this modest memorial.<ref>[http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=4864 In Memory of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Original Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial)] ''in'' [http://www.hmdb.org/ website of HMdb.org The Historical Marker Database] Accessed April 8, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.roadsideamerica.com/tip/15252 Washington, DC - Franklin D. Roosevelt Memorial Block] ''in'' [http://www.roadsideamerica.com web site of RoadsideAmerica.com: Your Online Guide to Offbeat Tourist Attractions, by Doug Kirby, Ken Smith and Mike Wilkins]. Accessed April 8, 2009.</ref><ref>Coordinates of original Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial near the National Archives Building: {{Coord|38.8934837|-77.0236123|scale:1000|name=Original Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
Image:FDR MemorialSign.jpg|Sign outside of the FDR Memorial in Washington DC
Image:Fdr-memorial-i-hate-war.jpg
</gallery>
{{clear}}
==See also==
*[[History of fountains in the United States]]
*[[Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms Park]], New York City; site of another memorial park, opened in 2012.

==References==
{{Barelinks|date=December 2012}}
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* ''The National Parks: Index 2001–2003''. Washington: [[United States Department of the Interior|U.S. Department of the Interior]].
* http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_Memorial.htm

==External links==
{{Commons category|Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial}}
* Trust for the National Mall: [http://www.nationalmall.org/sites-subpage-fdr.php/ FDR Memorial]
* Official NPS website: [http://www.nps.gov/fdrm/ Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial]
* FDR Wheelchair Statue Campaign: [http://www.nod.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=page.viewPage&pageID=1294 NOD.org]

'''
[[Category:National Mall and Memorial Parks]]
[[Category:1997 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Buildings and monuments honoring American Presidents|Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Memorial]]
[[Category:Franklin D. Roosevelt]]
[[Category:Monuments and memorials in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:National Memorials of the United States]] 
[[Category:Monuments and memorials on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Fountains in the United States]]
[[Category:Dogs in art]]
[[Category:Outdoor sculptures in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Public art]]
[[Category:1997 sculptures]]
[[Category:Bronze sculptures in the United States]]

Edit summary:
This is a minor edit Watch this page

Cancel

Webreflinks - Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial

Tools

Interaction