Webreflinks - Gibraltarian people

Most tools require the use of JavaScript. If you are using Firefox with the NoScript addon, please mark toolserver.org as trusted. See the Help page for details.

Documentation Feedback / Report a bug

Introduction by SmartSE

Reflinks will help you to turn bare urls into templated references, hopefully leaving you more time to write and reducing link rot caused by bare urls. The tool visits each webpage that is in a bare reference and collects the page title and some other information automatically, the tool has to be checked over manually to make sure that the references are filled in correctly by the tool. You may have to remove some extra information from the template and add extra details if the tool is not able to find it for you. Some links may be marked as dead links incorrectly as the site blocks the tool, you may wish to manually check these dead links before adding the dead link tag to the article. The tool also does a few other minor maintenance tasks.

Applying English Wikipedia commonfixes
No changes necessary: references template found.

WebCite www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Census_of_Gibraltar_2001.pdf

HTTP error (404) for http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Census_of_Gibraltar_2001.pdf on [[Gibraltarian people]]
DO NOT DELETE CiteWeb or the Wayback Machine can be used to relocated dead link, Checklinks is designed to handle this.

List citation templatesReference on line 72:

WebCite www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Abstract_of_Statistics_2008.pdf

HTTP error (404) for http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Abstract_of_Statistics_2008.pdf on [[Gibraltarian people]]
DO NOT DELETE CiteWeb or the Wayback Machine can be used to relocated dead link, Checklinks is designed to handle this.

List citation templatesReference on line 87:

 |-
-! Rank !!  Nationality !! Proportion (%) of the population (2001)<ref name=CEN>[http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Census_of_Gibraltar_2001.pdf Census of Gibraltar 2001]</ref>
+! Rank !!  Nationality !! Proportion (%) of the population (2001)<ref name=CEN>[http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Census_of_Gibraltar_2001.pdf Census of Gibraltar 2001]{{dead link|date=June 2013}}</ref>
 |-
-Estimates for 2008 show a small decrease in the proportion of Gibraltarians (81.12%), a significant increase in the ratio of "Other British" (11.09%) and a small increase in the ratio of "Other" (7.79%). No further breakdown is provided in this figure.<ref name="statistics2008">[http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Abstract_of_Statistics_2008.pdf Abstract of Statistics 2008]</ref>
+Estimates for 2008 show a small decrease in the proportion of Gibraltarians (81.12%), a significant increase in the ratio of "Other British" (11.09%) and a small increase in the ratio of "Other" (7.79%). No further breakdown is provided in this figure.<ref name="statistics2008">[http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Abstract_of_Statistics_2008.pdf Abstract of Statistics 2008]{{dead link|date=June 2013}}</ref>

{{Infobox ethnic group
|group   = Gibraltarians<br /><small>''Llanitos''</small>
|image   =
{{image array|perrow=3|width=85|height=100
| image1 = Peter Caruana elected.jpg|caption1 = [[Peter Caruana]]
| image2 = Alfred Holmes.jpg|caption2 = [[Alfred Holmes]]
| image3 = Missworld09air.jpg|caption3 = [[Kaiane Aldorino]]
| image4 = Joebossano.jpg|caption4 = [[Joe Bossano]]
| image5 = Paul Isola.JPG|caption5 = [[Paul Isola]]
| image6 = Adolfo Canepa.jpg|caption6 = [[Adolfo Canepa]]
}}
|population = '''About 40,000'''
|regions    = <div style="text-align:left; width:100%">
:{{GIB}} 23,757+<ref name="statistics2008"/>
:{{UK}} 11,830+<ref name=OECD>{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls|title=Country-of-birth database|publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]]|accessdate=2009-06-21}}</ref>
:{{US}} 570<ref name=OECD/>
:{{ESP}} at least 3,000<ref>[http://www.congreso.es/portal/page/portal/Congreso/PopUpCGI?CMD=VERLST&BASE=puw8&DOCS=1-1&QUERY=%28SEC200610050370.CODI.%29 Appearance of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Spain under the Foreign Affairs Commission (Senate of Spain)], 5 October 2006.</ref>
:{{noflag}} Other: 905<ref name=OECD/>
</div>
|languages  = [[English language|English]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]]<br/>[[Llanito]]&nbsp;{{smaller|(vernacular)}}
|religions  = Predominantly [[Roman Catholicism]], [[Anglicanism]]
|related    = [[Andalusian people|Andalusian]], [[British people|British]], [[Genoa|Genoese]], [[Maltese people|Maltese]], [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]]
}}
[[File:Gib 300.jpg|thumb|200px|Gibraltarians encircle [[Rock of Gibraltar|The Rock]] during the [[tercentenary]] of British Gibraltar, 4 August 2004.]]

The '''Gibraltarians''' (colloquially '''[[Llanito#Demonym|Llanitos]]''') are a [[cultural group]] native to [[Gibraltar]], a [[British overseas territory]] located near the southernmost tip of the [[Iberian Peninsula]] at the entrance to the [[Mediterranean Sea]].

== Origins ==

Gibraltarians are a [[Culture of Gibraltar|racial and cultural mixture]] of the many immigrants who came to the [[Rock of Gibraltar]] over three hundred years. They are the descendants of economic migrants who came to Gibraltar following its [[Capture of Gibraltar|capture]] by an Anglo-Dutch force in 1704.  All but 70 of the existing population of 4,000 fled to the surrounding Campo de Gibraltar.<ref>{{cite book| first=Peter| last=Gold| title=Gibraltar: British or Spanish?| publisher=Routledge| year=2005| page=2}}</ref> The few [[Spaniard]]s who remained, left in 1727 when Gibraltar was subjected to its [[Siege of Gibraltar (1727)|second Spanish siege]].

Most Gibraltarian surnames are typically of Mediterranean extraction. The exact breakdown is as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
! Rank !!  Origin !! Proportion (%) of family names<br/> on 1995 electoral register<ref name="empire">{{cite book | title=Gibraltar, identity and empire | url=http://books.google.com/?id=2ip0C6odET4C | author=Edward G. Archer | publisher=Routledge | year=2006 | isbn=978-0-415-34796-9 | page=36 | chapter=Ethnic factors}}</ref>
|-
| 1 || British || 27%
|-
| 2 || Spanish (excluding Minorcan) || 24%
|-
| 3 || Italian || 19%
|-
| 4 || Portuguese || 11%
|-
| 5 || Maltese || 8%
|-
| 6 || Jewish || 3%
|-
| 7 || Minorcan || 2%
|-
| 8 || Other || 4%
|-
| 9 || Unassigned || 2%
|}

[[Genoa|Genoese]] and [[Catalan people|Catalans]] (who arrived in the fleet with [[Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt]], possibly some two hundred in all) became the core of Gibraltar's first civilian population under Habsburg Gibraltar. [[Sephardic]] Jews from [[Tetouan]] in Morocco, who had previously been suppliers to the English territory of [[Tangier]], began supplying fresh produce to Gibraltar in 1704.

[[History of the Jews in Gibraltar|Jews in Gibraltar]] by 1755 together with the [[Genoese in Gibraltar|Genoese]] formed 50% of the civilian population (then 1,300). In 1888 construction of the new harbour at Gibraltar began in order to provide an additional coaling station on the British routes to the East. This resulted in the importation of [[Maltese people|Maltese]] labour both to assist in its construction, and to replace striking Genoese labour in the old coaling lighter-based industry. Maltese and [[Portuguese people]] formed the majority of this new population. Other groups include Minorcans (due to the links between both British possessions during the 18th century; immigration began in that century and continued even after Minorca was returned to Spain in 1802 by the [[Treaty of Amiens]]),<ref>{{cite book |first=William |last=Jackson |year=1990 |title=The Rock of the Gibraltarians. A History of Gibraltar |publisher=Gibraltar Books | edition = second |location=Grendon, Northamptonshire, UK |isbn=0-948466-14-6 | page=225}}: {{cquote|The open frontier helped to increase the Spanish share, and naval links with Minorca produced the small Minorcan contingent.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | url=http://books.google.com/?id=2ip0C6odET4C | title=Gibraltar, identity and empire | author=Edward G. Archer | publisher=Routledge | year=2006 | isbn=978-0-415-34796-9 | pages=42–43}}</ref> [[Sardinia]]ns, [[Sicily#People|Sicilians]] and other [[Italians]], [[French people|French]], [[Germans]], and [[British people]].

[[Immigration]] from Spain and intermarriage with Spaniards from the [[Campo de Gibraltar|surrounding Spanish towns]] was a constant feature of [[History of Gibraltar|Gibraltar's history]] until General [[Francisco Franco]] closed the border with Gibraltar, cutting off many Gibraltarians from their relatives on the Spanish side of the frontier. The Spanish government reopened the land frontier, but other restrictions remain in place.

== Nationality ==
{{See also|History of nationality in Gibraltar|British Overseas Territories citizen}}

Gibraltarians are [[British citizen]]s, albeit with a distinct identity of their own.

''noun:'' [[Gibraltarian status|Gibraltarian]](s)
''adjective:'' Gibraltar

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Rank !!  Nationality !! Proportion (%) of the population (2001)<ref name=CEN>[http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Census_of_Gibraltar_2001.pdf Census of Gibraltar 2001]{{dead link|date=June 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 1 || Gibraltarian || 83.22%
|-
| 2 || Other British || 9.56%
|-
| 3 || Moroccan || 3.50%
|-
| 4 || Spanish || 1.19%
|-
| 5 || Other || 1.54%
|-
| 6 || Other EU || 1.00%
|}

Estimates for 2008 show a small decrease in the proportion of Gibraltarians (81.12%), a significant increase in the ratio of "Other British" (11.09%) and a small increase in the ratio of "Other" (7.79%). No further breakdown is provided in this figure.<ref name="statistics2008">[http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Abstract_of_Statistics_2008.pdf Abstract of Statistics 2008]{{dead link|date=June 2013}}</ref>

==Culture==
[[File:Tipos de Gibraltar.jpg|thumb|Gibraltarians, 1856]]

=== Religion ===

The main religion of Gibraltar is [[Christianity]] with the majority of Gibraltarians belonging to the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. Other Christian denominations include the [[Church of England]], the [[Gibraltar Methodist Church]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.methodist.org.gi/ |title=Gibraltar Methodist Church |accessdate=2007-10-30 |publisher=The Methodist Church}}</ref> the [[Church of Scotland]], various [[Pentecostal]] and independent churches mostly influenced by the [[House Church]] and [[Charismatic movement]]s, as well as a [[Plymouth Brethren]] congregation. There is also a ward of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]], and [[Jehovah's Witnesses]]. There is a number of [[Hindu]] Indians, a [[Morocco|Moroccan]] [[Muslim]] population, members of the [[Bahá'í Faith]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bahai.org/worldwide-community/national-communities/ |title=National Baha'i Communities &#124; The Bahá’í Faith |publisher=Bahai.org |date= |accessdate=2013-05-13}}</ref> and a long-established [[History of the Jews in Gibraltar|Jewish community]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gibraltar.gov.uk/hol/people.asp |title=People |accessdate=2007-11-06 |date=2005 |publisher=Official Government of Gibraltar London website |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071013194341/http://gibraltar.gov.uk/hol/people.asp  |archivedate = 2007-10-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Joseph|last=Jacobs|url=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=220&letter=G |title=Gibraltar |accessdate=2007-11-06 |publisher=JewishEncyclopedia.com}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Rank !!  Religion !! Proportion (%) of Gibraltarians<ref name=CEN/>
|-
| 1 || Roman Catholic || 78.09%
|-
| 2 || Church of England || 6.98%
|-
| 3 || Muslim || 4.01%
|-
| 4 || Other Christian || 3.21%
|-
| 5 || None || 2.86%
|-
| 6 || Jewish || 2.12%
|-
| 7 || Hindu || 1.79%
|-
| 8 || Other or unspecified || 0.94%
|}

=== Languages ===
{{See also|Languages of Gibraltar}}

[[English language|English]] (used in schools and for official purposes) and [[Spanish language|Spanish]] are the main languages of Gibraltar. Most Gibraltarians converse in ''[[Llanito]]'', an [[Andalusian Spanish]] based [[Creole language|creole]]. It consists of a mix of Andalusian Spanish and [[British English]] as well as languages such as [[Genoese dialect|Genoese]] [[Italian language|Italian]], [[Maltese language|Maltese]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[Haketia]]. More-educated Gibraltarians, may [[code-switching|code-switch]] to English. [[Arabic language|Arabic]] is spoken by the Moroccan community, similar to [[Hindi]] and [[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] being spoken by the Indian community of Gibraltar. [[Maltese language|Maltese]] is still spoken by some families of Maltese descent.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
{{Commons category|People of Gibraltar}}
* [[List of Gibraltarians]]
* [[Gibraltarians in the United Kingdom]]
* [[Genoese in Gibraltar]]
* [[Gibraltarian status]]
* [[Demographics of Gibraltar]]
* [[History of Nationality in Gibraltar]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gibraltarians}}
[[Category:Gibraltarian people| ]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Gibraltar]]

Edit summary:
This is a minor edit Watch this page

Cancel

Webreflinks - Gibraltarian people

Tools

Interaction