Webreflinks - Green-cheeked Parakeet

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	48	[[File:Pyrrhura molinae -pet with corn cob-8a.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Scratching his neck with a corn cob (an example of tool use).]]		48	[[File:Pyrrhura molinae -pet with corn cob-8a.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Scratching his neck with a corn cob (an example of tool use).]]
t	49	The Green-cheeked Conure eats various seeds and fruits and probably other kinds of vegetable matter. The average clutch is 4–6 eggs. Average incubation is 24 days, varying from 22 to 25 days. They have a lower noise level in general than many conures and can learn tricks and have a limited vocabulary, with extensive training.<ref>http://gcch.tripod.com/faq/faq2.html </ref>	t	49	The Green-cheeked Conure eats various seeds and fruits and probably other kinds of vegetable matter. The average clutch is 4–6 eggs. Average incubation is 24 days, varying from 22 to 25 days. They have a lower noise level in general than many conures and can learn tricks and have a limited vocabulary, with extensive training.<ref>{{cite web\|author=Lara \|url=http://gcch.tripod.com/faq/faq2.html \|title=The Green Cheek Conure Homepage \|publisher=Gcch.tripod.com \|date= \|accessdate=2013-05-20}}</ref>
	50			50

{{Taxobox
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN2012>{{IUCN|id=106001593 |title=''Pyrrhura molinae'' | assessors=[[BirdLife International]] |version=2012.1 |year=2012 |accessdate=16 July 2012}}</ref>
| image = Pyrrhura molinae -captive-perch-8a-1cp.jpg
| image_caption = ''Pyrrhura molinae molinae'' at [[Kuala Lumpur Bird Park]], Malaysia
| image_width =
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
| ordo = [[Psittaciformes]]
| superfamilia = [[true parrots|Psittacoidea]]
| familia = [[Psittacidae]]
| subfamilia = [[Neotropical parrot|Arinae]]
| tribus = [[Arini (tribe)|Arini]]
| genus = ''[[Pyrrhura]]''
| species = '''''P. molinae'''''
| binomial = ''Pyrrhura molinae''
| binomial_authority = [[Francois Victor Massena, 2nd Duke of Rivoli|Massena]] & [[Charles de Souancé|Souance]], 1854
| range_map=Pyrrhura_molinae_range.jpg
| range_map_width=
| range_map_caption =
Approximate range. Now also confirmed for lined area<ref name=IUCN2012/>
}}
The '''green-cheeked conure''', or sometimes '''green cheek conure''', (''pyrrhura molinae''), is a small [[parrot]] of the genus ''[[pyrrhura]]'', which is part of a long-tailed group of the [[New World]] parrot subfamily ''arinae''. This type of parrot is generally called a ''[[conure]].'' It is native to the forests of South America.

==Description==
The green-cheeked conure is typically 26&nbsp;cm (10&nbsp;in) long and weighs 60 to 80 g. It is mainly green, with a brown/black/grey crown, white periophthalmic rings, green cheeks, blue primary wing feathers, a grey beak, and its long pointed tail is mostly maroon. It has short transverse striations on its breast and a red abdominal area. Males and females have an identical external appearance.<ref name="Forshaw (2006). plate 85."/>

==Taxonomy==
The green-cheeked conure has six subspecies:<ref name="Forshaw (2006). plate 85.">Forshaw (2006). plate 85.</ref><ref name = zoonomen>{{cite web | url =http://www.zoonomen.net/avtax/psit.html |title = Zoological Nomenclature Resource: Psittaciformes (Version 9.026) |date =2009-07-26|publisher = www.zoonomen.net }}</ref>
*''Pyrrhura molinae'', (Massena & Souance 1854)
**''P. m. australis'', Todd 1915
**''P. m. flavoptera'', Maijer, Herzog, Kessler, Friggens & Fjeldsa 1998
**''P. m. sordida'',<ref name="Forshaw (2006). plate 85."/>
**''P. m. molinae'', (Massena & Souance 1854)
**''P. m. phoenicura'', (Schlegel 1864)
**''P. m. restricta'', Todd 1947

''P. m. sordida'' naturally occurs as a green morph or as a yellow morph,<ref name="Forshaw (2006). plate 85."/> The yellow morph is also called the Yellow-sided Conure,<ref name="Forshaw (2006). page 114."/> and was once erroneously considered to be a separate species, ''P. hypoxantha''.<ref name= J&P-1998/>

The Green-cheeked Conure is similar to the [[Maroon-bellied Conure]] (''P. frontalis''),<ref name="Forshaw (2006). page 114."/> and formerly there have been speculations that they were [[conspecific]].<ref name= J&P-1998>{{Cite book|last1=Juniper |last2= Parr |year=1998|title=Parrots: A Guide to Parrots of the World|page= 462|isbn=0-300-07453-0}}</ref> It is also similar in appearance to the [[Blaze-winged Conure]] and the [[Black-capped Conure]].<ref name="Forshaw (2006). page 114."/>

==Distribution and habitat==
The Green-cheeked Conure occurs in west-central and southern [[Mato Grosso]], [[Brazil]], through northern and eastern [[Bolivia]] to northwestern [[Argentina]] and northern [[Paraguay]]. Its habitat is forests and woodland, where it usually forms flocks of 10 to 20 individuals at treetop level, or larger flocks where there is more food. It is also emerging as a popular pet for families and individuals.<ref name="Forshaw (2006). page 114.">Forshaw (2006). page 114.</ref>

==Behaviour==
[[File:Pyrrhura molinae -pet with corn cob-8a.jpg|right|thumb|Scratching his neck with a corn cob (an example of tool use).]]
The Green-cheeked Conure eats various seeds and fruits and probably other kinds of vegetable matter. The average clutch is 4–6 eggs. Average incubation is 24 days, varying from 22 to 25 days. They have a lower noise level in general than many conures and can learn tricks and have a limited vocabulary, with extensive training.<ref>{{cite web|author=Lara |url=http://gcch.tripod.com/faq/faq2.html |title=The Green Cheek Conure Homepage |publisher=Gcch.tripod.com |date= |accessdate=2013-05-20}}</ref>

==Aviculture==
{{refimprove section|date=July 2009}}
[[File:Pyrrhura molinae sordida -wing clipped pet-8a.jpg|upright|left|thumb|A wing-clipped adult Yellow-sided Green-cheeked Conure, yellow morph ''P. m. sordida''. Note the lighter coloration.]]
Green-cheeked Conures are common in [[aviculture]] and are popular [[companion parrot]]s. They are playful, affectionate and intelligent, known as having a "big personality in a small body". They can learn to talk, albeit with a limited vocabulary and a gravelly voice. They like to be held (although some like it more than others) and can learn tricks such as lying on their backs and "kissing." Green-cheeked conures are quiet, so even a unit dweller can enjoy their companionship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.allaboutbirds.com.au/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46:all-about-green-cheek-conures&catid=34:green-cheek-conures&Itemid=53 |title=Specialist Breeders - Birds for Sale - All About Green Cheek Conures |publisher=All About Birds |date= |accessdate=2013-01-15}}</ref> They can be prone to biting, particularly when young, but an owner can cure this behavior with patience and time.

They love fruits, (especially [[banana]]s and [[raisin]]s), and seeds such as [[sunflower]], [[safflower]], and [[hemp]] seeds—all found in their natural environments. Green-cheeked conure also love table food—they are flock animals and love to eat with their family. They can eat potatoes, carrots, corn, bread, pasta, and plain popcorn. A clipped and/or caged bird can become obese from eating too many fatty seeds such as sunflower seeds and peanuts. A bird-pellet diet with a [[calcium]] supplement provides proper nutrition, but should not be their exclusive diet because of trace chemical additives and bonding agents not found in the conure's natural habitat.<ref>http://www.petco.com/assets/caresheets/bird/green-cheek-conure.pdf</ref> A good rule of thumb is 30% pellet diet, 10% seeds, and fresh foods for the rest—fruits and vegetables, or cooked food. Conures with health problems related to the kidneys should not be fed a high protein diet, as it may lead to gout;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.2ndchance.info/gout.htm|title=Gout in Pet Birds}}</ref> veterinarian prescribed low-protein diets are available for birds with such conditions. Green-cheeked conures can live to 30 years with proper care, though the average lifespan is typically 10 years due to owner neglect.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.centralpets.com/animals/birds/parrots/prt1342.html|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080212044543/http://www.centralpets.com/animals/birds/parrots/prt1342.html|archivedate=2008-02-12|title= Green Cheeked Conure|work=Central Pets Educational Foundation|publisher=Web Archive Copy}}</ref>
{{clear}}

===Colour mutations===
In addition to the natural color forms, color mutants have been selectively bred in aviculture:

*''Cinnamon'' are lime green and have a lighter, almost pale color to the feathers. The head is tan and the tail feathers are a lighter maroon than in normal green-cheeked conures.
*''Yellow-sided'' have a breast of bright colors.
*''Pineapple'' is cinnamon and yellow-sided combination. They have a breast of bright colors, a tan head and lime green feathers on the back like a cinnamon green-cheeked conure. The tail feathers are the same as a yellow-sided, showing a halo effect.
*''Turquoise'' have a body with some blue-green and green feathers. The breast feathers are grayish and the tail feathers are gray.

<gallery>
File:Pyrrhura molinae (cinnamon) -KL Bird Park-6a.jpg|Cinnamon mutation
File:Pyrrhura molinae -pineapple mutation -50 days old-6b.jpg|Pineapple mutation (juvenile)
Image:2008-02-10 Uroko-vivi.jpg|Turquoise mutation (wing-clipped adult)
File:Yellow sided green cheek Conure.jpg|Yellow-sided green-cheek mutation<ref>http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yellow_sided_green_cheek_Conure.jpg</ref>
</gallery>
A green/red/blue apple mutation is not very common but has been seen.

==References==
{{Barelinks|date=January 2013}}
{{reflist}}

==Cited texts==
* {{cite book |first=Joseph M. |last=Forshaw | authorlink=Joseph Forshaw |title=Parrots of the World; an Identification Guide|others =Illustrated by [[Frank Knight (artist)|Frank Knight]]|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=0-691-09251-6 |page= |nopp = yes| year=2006 }}

==External links==
* {{cite web|url=http://www.parrots.org/index.php/encyclopedia/profile/green_cheeked_conure/|publisher= World Parrot Trust|work= Parrot Encyclopedia|title=Green Cheeked Conure}}
* {{cite web|url=http://members.tripod.com/gcch/faq/faq1.html |title=FAQ: Introduction to Green Cheeks| first=Lara|last= deVries|year=2000 }}
* {{cite web|url=http://www3.upatsix.com/ica/lexicon/greencheeked.htm Green Cheeked |title=Pyrrhura molinae|publisher=International Conure Association}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.birdtricks.com/Conures/green-cheek-info.html |title=Green Cheek Conure Training}}
* {{cite web|url=http://ibc.lynxeds.com |title=Internet Bird Collection}}
* {{cite web|url=http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Scientific&KEYWORDS=pyrrhura+molinae&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 |title=Green-cheeked Conure photo gallery  VIREO |publisher=The Academy of Natural Sciences}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Conure, Green-Cheeked}}
[[Category:Birds kept as pets]]
[[Category:Birds of Argentina]]
[[Category:Birds of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Birds of Brazil]]
[[Category:Birds of Paraguay]]
[[Category:Birds of the Pantanal]]
[[Category:Parrots]]
[[Category:Pyrrhura]]

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Webreflinks - Green-cheeked Parakeet

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