Webreflinks - Joseph A. Califano, Jr.

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t	72	In 2010, Califano received the Gustav O. Lienhard Award from the Institute of Medicine for his contributions to improving public health, his leadership in catalyzing federal action to curb smoking and his broader efforts to reduce the toll of addiction and substance abuse.<ref>{{cite press release\|title=Crusader Against Substance Abuse Receives Institute of Medicine's 2010 Lienhard Award \|date=October 11, 2010 \|publisher=National-Academies.org\|location=Washington\|url=http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=10112010c \|format= \|accessdate=2013-01-14}}</ref>	t	72	In 2010, Califano received the Gustav O. Lienhard Award from the Institute of Medicine for his contributions to improving public health, his leadership in catalyzing federal action to curb smoking and his broader efforts to reduce the toll of addiction and substance abuse.<ref>{{cite press release\|title=Crusader Against Substance Abuse Receives Institute of Medicine's 2010 Lienhard Award \|date=October 11, 2010 \|publisher=National-Academies.org\|location=Washington\|url=http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=10112010c \|accessdate=2013-01-14}}</ref>
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{{Infobox Officeholder
| honorific-prefix    =
| name                = Joseph A. Califano, Jr.
| honorific-suffix    =
| image               = JAC_AR_2007.jpg
| imagesize           = 217px
| caption             = Joseph A. Califano, Jr.
| order               = 12th
| office              = United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
| term_start          = January 25, 1977
| term_end            = August 3, 1979
| appointer           = [[Jimmy Carter]]
| predecessor         = [[F. David Mathews]]
| successor           = [[Patricia Roberts Harris|Patricia Harris]]
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1931|5|15}}
| birth_place         = [[Brooklyn, New York]]
| death_date          =
| death_place         =
| restingplace        =
| restingplacecoordinates =
| nationality         = [[United States]]
| party               = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| alma_mater          = [[College of the Holy Cross]]<br>[[Harvard Law School]]
| occupation          =
| religion            =
| signature           =
| website             =
| footnotes           =
}}
'''Joseph Anthony Califano, Jr.''' (born May 15, 1931) is a former [[United States Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare]] and founder and former chairman of [[The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University]] (CASAColumbia), an [[evidence-based research]] organization. He is one of two living former Secretaries of Health, Education, and Welfare (the other is his predecessor, [[Forrest David Mathews]]).

He has been Adjunct Professor of Public Health (Health Policy and Management) at [[Columbia University Medical School]] (Department of Psychiatry) and School of Public Health and is a member of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences.

==Early life==
He was born in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York]], on May 15, 1931.  He attended St. Gregory's Elementary School and Brooklyn Preparatory School in Brooklyn, New York.

Califano received his Bachelor of Arts degree from The [[College of the Holy Cross]] in [[Worcester, Massachusetts]], in 1952, and his LL.B., magna cum laude, from [[Harvard Law School]] in 1955, where he was a member of the [[Harvard Legal Aid Bureau]].  In law school, he was an editor of the [[Harvard Law Review]].

==Military and Department of Defense==
In 1955, Califano enlisted in the Navy as an officer candidate.  He was commissioned an ensign in November 1955, served three years in the [[Judge Advocate General's Corps, U.S. Navy|Office of the Judge Advocate General]] in Washington, D.C., and was released to inactive duty in October, 1958, as a [[lieutenant]].  He associated with the law firm of [[Dewey Ballantine]] in New York City from October 1958, until April 1961.

In April 1961, Califano became Special Assistant to the General Counsel of the Department of Defense.
In July 1962, he was appointed Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Army.  On July 1, 1963, he was appointed General Counsel of the Army.  He also served as Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Army for Civil Functions, supervising the Corps of Engineers' Civil Works Program and was a member of the President's Appalachian Regional Commission.  In early 1964, Califano was selected to serve as the principal legal advisor to the United States Delegation to the Investigating Committee of the Organization of American States on the Panama riots of January 1964.  Subsequently, he was also selected to present the United States case before the International Commission of Jurists during hearings held in Panama dealing with those riots.  In recognition of his work as General Counsel of the Department of the Army, Califano was awarded the Distinguished Civilian Service Medal, the highest civilian award of the Army.

On April 1, 1964, Califano was appointed Special Assistant to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense.  He had special responsibilities for Department of Defense liaison with the Office of the President of the United States.  He also acted as Executive Secretary of the President's Advisory Committee on Supersonic Transport, as the Department of Defense representative on the   President's Committee on the Economic Impact of Defense and Disarmament, and as a member of the Federal Radiation Council.  In recognition of his work as the Special Assistant to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense, Califano was awarded the [[Defense Distinguished Service Medal]] of the Department of Defense.

Califano was appointed Special Assistant to President [[Lyndon B. Johnson]] on July 26, 1965.  In this position, Califano served as LBJ's top domestic aide, developing the President's legislative program as well as helping coordinate economic policies and handling domestic crises.  He also worked on a variety of domestic problems, including labor-management relations, balance of payments, health care, education, environmental and urban issues, and civil rights.  He served in this position until January 20, 1969.  While in this post, ''The New York Times'' called him "The Deputy President for Domestic Affairs."

==Non-military career==
Califano was a member of the Washington law firm of [[Arnold & Porter]] from March 1969 until May 1971.  He was a member of the Washington law firm of Williams, Connolly & Califano from June 1971 until January 1977.

In January 1977, Califano became Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare.  He served in that Cabinet post until August 1979.  He put the Department through the most complete reorganization in its twenty-five year history; created the [[Health Care Financing Administration]] (HCFA) to run Medicare and Medicaid; mounted major health promotion and disease prevention programs, including childhood immunization, the first national anti-smoking campaign, an alcoholism initiative, and issuance of Healthy People, the first Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention which for the first time set health goals for the American people; began the collection of hundreds of millions of dollars of defaulted student loans, and instituted computerized techniques to police welfare, Medicare and Medicaid programs; worked with the Congress to maintain the financial integrity of the Social Security system, contain health care costs, and restructure Federal aid to elementary, secondary and higher education; and issued the first regulations to provide equal opportunity to the handicapped and to provide equal athletic opportunity to women under Title IX.

As Secretary, Califano funded the nation’s first free standing hospice in Branford, CT, and issued regulations to make Medicare reimbursement available for hospice care.

In 1979, as Secretary, Califano directed the Public Health Service to eliminate its official characterization of homosexuality as “a mental disease or defect” which immigration authorities had used to deny individuals entry to the United States solely because of their sexual orientation.

President [[Jimmy Carter]] dismissed Califano on July 19, 1979.<ref>http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/documentStore/s/s/u/ssu02f00/Sssu02f00.pdf</ref>

==Post-administration life==
In January 1980, Califano formed the law firm of Califano, Ross & Heineman in Washington, D.C.  From 1983 until 1992, he was senior partner and head of the Washington office of Dewey Ballantine.  In 1992, he founded [http://www.casacolumbia.org/ The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (CASAColumbia)].

Califano has also written articles for ''The New York Times'', ''The Washington Post'', ''The Wall Street Journal'', ''Readers Digest, New Republic, Journal of the American Medical Association, The New England Journal of Medicine, America, The Washington Monthly,'' and other publications.

He was Founding Chairman of the Board of the Institute for Social and Economic Policy in the Middle East at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.

Califano is a director of CBS Corporation and Willis Group Holdings, Ltd.  He is a Trustee of New York Presbyterian Hospital, The Century Foundation, The Urban Institute, The American Ditchley Foundation, The LBJ Foundation and the National Health Museum; Trustee Emeritus of The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, and a member of the advisory council of the American Foundation for AIDS Research and the Council on Foreign Relations.

==Awards==
In 2010, Califano received the Gustav O. Lienhard Award from the Institute of Medicine for his contributions to improving public health, his leadership in catalyzing federal action to curb smoking and his broader efforts to reduce the toll of addiction and substance abuse.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Crusader Against Substance Abuse Receives Institute of Medicine's 2010 Lienhard Award |date=October 11, 2010 |publisher=National-Academies.org|location=Washington|url=http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=10112010c |accessdate=2013-01-14}}</ref>

In November 2011, the Columbia Spectator editorial board published an piece titled "Cut ties to CASA", stating that "the methods that CASA uses to research substance abuse are shoddy and questionable, and reports of CASA’s “findings” are often misleading and sensationalized" and that "Califano’s outlandish claims reflect on the integrity of the organization, and unfortunately on Columbia’s as well."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.columbiaspectator.com/2011/11/28/cut-ties-casa|title=Cut ties to CASA|date=November 28, 2011|work=[[Columbia Daily Spectator]]|author=Editorial Board}}</ref> Contrary to the claims made in the Spectator article, the organization’s research staff has published more than 190 articles or book chapters in professional and peer-reviewed publications, including 121 articles in peer-reviewed journals including the ''Journal of the American Medical Association'',<ref name="Foster-2003">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Foster | first1 = SE. | last2 = Vaughan | first2 = RD. | last3 = Foster | first3 = WH. | last4 = Califano | first4 = JA. | title = Alcohol consumption and expenditures for underage drinking and adult excessive drinking. | journal = JAMA | volume = 289 | issue = 8 | pages = 989–95 | month = Feb | year = 2003 | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12597750 | PMID = 12597750 }}</ref> the ''Journal of Adolescent Health'',<ref>{{cite journal|last=Feinstein|first=Emily C.|coauthors=Richter, Linda; Foster, Susan E.|title=Addressing the Critical Health Problem of Adolescent Substance Use Through Health Care, Research, and Public Policy|journal=Journal of Adolescent Health|date=May 2012|volume=50|issue=5|pages=431–436|doi=10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.033|url=http://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(12)00055-9/abstract}}</ref>  the ''Annals of Internal Medicine''<ref>{{cite journal|coauthors=Anupam B. Jena, MD, PhD; Dana P. Goldman, PhD; Susan E. Foster, MSW; and Joseph A. Califano Jr., LLB|title=Prescription Medication Abuse and Illegitimate Internet-Based Pharmacies|journal=Ann Intern Med.|date=20 December 2011|volume=155|issue=12|pages=848–850|url=http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1033230}}</ref> and the ''New England Journal of Medicine''.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Califano Jr|first=JA|title=The wrong way to stay slim.|journal=The New England journal of medicine|date=1995 Nov 2|volume=333|issue=18|pages=1214–6|pmid=7565980|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565980}}</ref>

==Books==
* ''How To Raise A Drug Free Kid—The Straight Dope for Parents'', Touchstone/Fireside Division, 2009
* ''High Society—How Substance Abuse Ravages America and What To Do About It'', PublicAffairs Press, 2007
* ''Inside—A Public and Private Life'', PublicAffairs Press, 2004
* ''The Triumph and Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson'', Texas A & M University Press, 2000

Califano is the author of twelve books.  In early 1969, he traveled around the world on a study of the "student-youth-and-establishment" problem under a Ford Foundation grant.  He wrote about those travels in his book, ''The Student Revolution: A Global Confrontation'', published by W.W. Norton in 1969.  Califano's second book, ''A Presidential Nation'', was published by W.W. Norton in 1975.  His third, ''The Media and the Law'', was published by Praeger Special Studies in 1976 and was co-authored and co-edited with Howard Simons, Managing Editor of ''The Washington Post''.  His fourth, ''The Media and Business'', was published by Random House in 1978 and was also in collaboration with Mr. Simons.

In May 1981, Simon and Schuster published Califano's fifth book, ''Governing America'', about his years as Secretary of HEW.  In June, 1982, Warner Books published his sixth, ''The 1982 Report on Drug Abuse and Alcoholism''.  Califano's seventh book, ''America's Health Care Revolution: Who Lives?  Who Dies?  Who Pays?'', was published by Random House in 1986.  His eighth book, ''The Triumph and Tragedy of Lyndon Johnson: The White House Years'',  was published by Simon and Schuster in 1991 and republished by Texas A & M University Press in 2000.  His ninth book, ''Radical Surgery:  What's Next for America's Health Care'', was published by Random House in January, 1995.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.protectthetruth.org/bios/josephcalifano.htm Biography at protectthetruth.org]
* [http://www.casacolumbia.org/templates/Home.aspx?articleid=287&zoneid=32 National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (CASAColumbia)]
* [http://www.nndb.com/people/228/000050078/ NNDB biographical article]
* [http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/L-0125/menu.html Oral History Interview with Joseph Califano] from [http://docsouth.unc.edu/sohp/ Oral Histories of the American South]
* [http://www.booknotes.org/Watch/181902-1/Joseph+Califano.aspx ''Booknotes'' interview with Califano on ''Inside: A Public and Private Life'', May 23, 2004.]

{{s-start}}
{{s-gov}}
{{succession box|
 before=[[Powell Pierpoint]]|
 title=[[General Counsel of the Army]]|
 after=[[Alfred B. Fitt]]|
 years=1963 – 1964
}}
{{s-end}}
{{USSecHEW}}
{{CBS}}
{{Carter cabinet}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME              =Califano, Joseph A. Jr.
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American politician
| DATE OF BIRTH     =May 15, 1931
| PLACE OF BIRTH    =[[Brooklyn, New York]]
| DATE OF DEATH     =
| PLACE OF DEATH    =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Califano, Joseph A. Jr.}}
[[Category:1931 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:College of the Holy Cross alumni]]
[[Category:Columbia University faculty]]
[[Category:General Counsels of the United States Army]]
[[Category:Harvard Law School alumni]]
[[Category:Lyndon B. Johnson Administration personnel]]
[[Category:People from Brooklyn]]
[[Category:United States Secretaries of Health, Education, and Welfare]]
[[Category:Carter administration cabinet members]]

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